Bioconversion of Poultry Waste
into Added-Value Products
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji , Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan,
Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, and Mohd Imran Ahamed
Abstract
Larger amount of poultry waste is generated in tonnes
round the whole globe due to high-level demand for
poultry meat. Therefore, there is a higher challenge
involved in the management of agro-industrial wastes,
especially poultry waste. There are numerous applications
where feather could be utilized that entails feedstock,
decorative applications, bedding materials, medical
devices, dusters, and fertilizers. The conventional techniques such as landfilling and burning are not eco-friendly
because it involves the discharges of several threat and
hazards to the environment and to humans. Therefore,
there is a need to search for an eco-friendly and
sustainable techniques that can convert poultry waste
into added-value products using biological means. Therefore, this chapter intends to provide a detailed information
on the application of beneficial microorganism as one of
the environmental and sustainable approaches that could
be used for effective conversion of these poultry wastes,
such as feathers, into value-added products like animal
feeds, biofertilizers, and many more. The modes of action
thorough which the poultry waste could be degraded were
also highlighted.
Keywords
Poultry waste Á Feather Á Enzymes Á Eco-friendly Á
Environment Á Sustainability
1 Introduction
Feathers have been identified as a significant by-product in
poultry industry because they constitute almost 5–7% of the
whole biomass from the chicken. It is projected that roughly
numerous million tonnes of by-products are derived from
feather that is produced yearly, especially from the industry
worldwide (Verma et al. 2017). Feathers are normally
obtained and deposited at different areas before handling
because there might be presence of grease, meat, and blood
around the feathers. The storage conditions which entail
temperature and the period need to be prudently taken into
consideration and effectively managed. Most feathers can be
discarded through the process of incineration, which has
been established as a sustainable technique that could be
utilized to destroy any available infection agents. Moreover,
it has been reported that most feathers could be disposed
through controlled landfilling and burial while special
management is a necessity to prevent them from water
flowing on the ground (Tesfaye et al. 2017).
There are numerous applications that feather could be
utilized for which entails feedstock, decorative applications,
bedding materials, medical devices, dusters, fertilizer
(Papadopoulos 1989). It has been observed that most of the
traditional approaches utilized for the treatment of feathers
and processing techniques, such as stem pressure cooking
and chemical treatment, could be applied for effective
transformation of feather into essential value-added products. Moreover, it has been observed that the process
requires enormous amount of energy and some amino acids,
but large quantity of amino acids are destroyed during the
process of applying treatment (Wang and Parsons 1997).
C. O. Adetunji (&)
Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho,
Iyamho, Edo state, Nigeria
e-mail: charliguitar@yahoo.com; adetunjicharles@gmail.com;
adetunji.charles@edouniversity.edu.ng
O. T. Olaniyan
Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental
Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo University Iyamho,
Iyamho, Edo state, Nigeria
R. E. Bodunrinde
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria
M. I. Ahamed
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin and A. Khan (eds.), Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products, Advances in Science,
Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61837-7_21
337
into Added-Value Products
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji , Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan,
Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, and Mohd Imran Ahamed
Abstract
Larger amount of poultry waste is generated in tonnes
round the whole globe due to high-level demand for
poultry meat. Therefore, there is a higher challenge
involved in the management of agro-industrial wastes,
especially poultry waste. There are numerous applications
where feather could be utilized that entails feedstock,
decorative applications, bedding materials, medical
devices, dusters, and fertilizers. The conventional techniques such as landfilling and burning are not eco-friendly
because it involves the discharges of several threat and
hazards to the environment and to humans. Therefore,
there is a need to search for an eco-friendly and
sustainable techniques that can convert poultry waste
into added-value products using biological means. Therefore, this chapter intends to provide a detailed information
on the application of beneficial microorganism as one of
the environmental and sustainable approaches that could
be used for effective conversion of these poultry wastes,
such as feathers, into value-added products like animal
feeds, biofertilizers, and many more. The modes of action
thorough which the poultry waste could be degraded were
also highlighted.
Keywords
Poultry waste Á Feather Á Enzymes Á Eco-friendly Á
Environment Á Sustainability
1 Introduction
Feathers have been identified as a significant by-product in
poultry industry because they constitute almost 5–7% of the
whole biomass from the chicken. It is projected that roughly
numerous million tonnes of by-products are derived from
feather that is produced yearly, especially from the industry
worldwide (Verma et al. 2017). Feathers are normally
obtained and deposited at different areas before handling
because there might be presence of grease, meat, and blood
around the feathers. The storage conditions which entail
temperature and the period need to be prudently taken into
consideration and effectively managed. Most feathers can be
discarded through the process of incineration, which has
been established as a sustainable technique that could be
utilized to destroy any available infection agents. Moreover,
it has been reported that most feathers could be disposed
through controlled landfilling and burial while special
management is a necessity to prevent them from water
flowing on the ground (Tesfaye et al. 2017).
There are numerous applications that feather could be
utilized for which entails feedstock, decorative applications,
bedding materials, medical devices, dusters, fertilizer
(Papadopoulos 1989). It has been observed that most of the
traditional approaches utilized for the treatment of feathers
and processing techniques, such as stem pressure cooking
and chemical treatment, could be applied for effective
transformation of feather into essential value-added products. Moreover, it has been observed that the process
requires enormous amount of energy and some amino acids,
but large quantity of amino acids are destroyed during the
process of applying treatment (Wang and Parsons 1997).
C. O. Adetunji (&)
Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology
Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho,
Iyamho, Edo state, Nigeria
e-mail: charliguitar@yahoo.com; adetunjicharles@gmail.com;
adetunji.charles@edouniversity.edu.ng
O. T. Olaniyan
Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental
Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo University Iyamho,
Iyamho, Edo state, Nigeria
R. E. Bodunrinde
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology,
Akure, Nigeria
M. I. Ahamed
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin and A. Khan (eds.), Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products, Advances in Science,
Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61837-7_21
337