role of home composting. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172,
1631–1638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.163.
Millet, D. B., Apel, E., Henze, D. K., Hill, J., Marshall, J. D., Singh, H.
B., et al. (2012). Natural and anthropogenic ethanol sources in
North America and potential atmospheric impacts of ethanol fuel
use. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 8484–8492.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es300162u.
Monlau, F., Trably, E., Barakat, A., Hamelin, J., Steyer, J.-P., &
Carrere, H. (2013). Two-stage alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments to
enhance biohydrogen production from sunflower stalks. Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 12591–12599. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es402863v.
Montross, M., & Crofcheck, C. (2010). Energy crops for the production
of biofuels. RSC Energy & Environmental Series, 2010, 26–45.
Moretti, P., Morais de Araujo, J., Borges de Castilhos, A., Buffière, P.,
Gourdon, R., & Bayard, R. (2020). Characterization of municipal
biowaste categories for their capacity to be converted into a
feedstock aqueous slurry to produce methane by anaerobic digestion. Science of the Total Environment, 716, 137084. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137084.
Mtui, G. Y. S. (2009). Recent advances in pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes and production of value added products. African
Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 1398–1415. https://doi.org/10.4314/
ajb.v8i8.60134.
Mukherjee, A. K., Adhikari, H., & Rai, S. K. (2008). Production of
alkaline protease by a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis under
solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition using Imperata cylindrica
grass and potato peel as low-cost medium: Characterization and
application of enzyme in detergent formulation. Biochemical
Engineering Journal, 39, 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.
2007.09.017.
Mullen, C. A., & Boateng, A. A. (2008). Chemical composition of
bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis of two energy crops. Energy &
Fuels, 22, 2104–2109. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700776w.
Nasr, M., Tawfik, A., Ookawara, S., Suzuki, M., Kumari, S., & Bux, F.
(2015). Continuous biohydrogen production from starch wastewater
via sequential dark-photo fermentation with emphasize on maghemite nanoparticles. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 500–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.011.
Nghiem, N. P., O’Connor, J. P., & Hums, M. E. (2018). Integrated
process for extraction of wax as a value-added co-product and
improved ethanol production by converting both starch and
cellulosic components in sorghum grains. Fermentation, 4, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4010012.
Nigam, P. S. (2013). Microbial enzymes with special characteristics for
biotechnological applications. Biomolecules, 3, 597–611. https://
doi.org/10.3390/biom3030597.
Ning, Z., Zhang, H., Li, W., Zhang, R., Liu, G., & Chen, C. (2018).
Anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich swine slaughterhouse waste:
Methane production performance, long-chain fatty acids profile
and predominant microorganisms. Bioresource Technology, 269,
426–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.001.
Ohkouchi, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2007). Impact of chemical components of
organic wastes on l(+)-lactic acid production. Bioresource Technology, 98, 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.
005.
Oliveira, V. B., Simões, M., Melo, L. F., & Pinto, A. M. F. R. (2013).
Overview on the developments of microbial fuel cells. Biochemical
Engineering Journal, 73, 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2013.
01.012.
Ouda, O. K. M., Raza, S. A., Nizami, A. S., Rehan, M., Al-Waked, R.,
& Korres, N. E. (2016). Waste to energy potential: A case study of
Saudi Arabia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61,
328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.005.
Paliwal, A., Hoysall, C., & Kumar, H. (2019). Bioconversion of waste
conversion gases to liquid fuels: Challenges and opportunities: 7th
IconSWM—ISWMAW 2017, Volume 2. pp 477–485.
Panda, S. K., Mishra, S. S., Kayitesi, E., & Ray, R. C. (2016).
Microbial-processing of fruit and vegetable wastes for production of
vital enzymes and organic acids: Biotechnology and scopes.
Environmental Research, 146, 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envres.2015.12.035.
Pandey, A., Selvakumar, P., Soccol, C. R., & Nigam, P. (1999). Solid
state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes. Current
Science, 77, 149–162.
Pandey, A., Gupta, K., & Pandey, A. (2015). Effect of nanosized TiO2
on photofermentation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides NMBL-02.
Biomass and Bioenergy, 72, 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2014.10.021.
Pandey, A., Srivastava, S., Rai, P., & Duke, M. (2019). Cheese whey to
biohydrogen and useful organic acids: A non-pathogenic microbial
treatment by L. acidophilus. Scientific Reports, 9, 1–9. https://doi.
org/10.1038/s41598-019-42752-3.
Paritosh, K., Pareek, N., Chawade, A., & Vivekanand, V. (2019).
Prioritization of solid concentration and temperature for solid state
anaerobic digestion of pearl millet straw employing multi-criteria
assessment tool. Scientific Reports, 9, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41598-019-48437-1.
Pavlovič, I., Knez, Ž., & Škerget, M. (2013). Hydrothermal reactions of
agricultural and food processing wastes in sub- and supercritical
water: A review of fundamentals, mechanisms, and state of
research. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 8003–
8025. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf401008a.
Pazera, A., Slezak, R., Krzystek, L., Ledakowicz, S., Bochmann, G.,
Gabauer, W., et al. (2015). Biogas in Europe: Food and Beverage
(FAB) Waste Potential for Biogas Production. Energy & Fuels, 29,
4011–4021. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502812s.
Periyasamy, K., Santhalembi, L., Mortha, G., Aurousseau, M., Boyer,
A., & Subramanian, S. (2018). Bioconversion of lignocellulosic
biomass to fermentable sugars by immobilized magnetic cellulolytic
enzyme cocktails. Langmuir, 34, 6546–6555. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.langmuir.8b00976.
Pimentel, D. (1991). Ethanol fuels: Energy security, economics, and the
environment. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 4,
1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229143.
Powell, J. T., Pons, J. C., & Chertow, M. (2016). Waste informatics:
establishing characteristics of contemporary u.s. landfill quantities
and practices. Environmental Science and Technology, 50, 10877–
10884. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02848.
Priyadarshan, P. M. (2011). Biotechnology and molecular biology.
Biology of Hevea rubber (pp. 101–125). Wallingford: CABI.
Prusty, B. A. K., Chandra, R., & Azeez, P. A. (2008). Biodiesel:
Freedom from Dependence on Fossil Fuels? Nat Preced, 1–27.
https://doi.org/10.1038/npre.2008.2658.1.
Pugazhendhi, A., Shobana, S., Nguyen, D. D., Banu, J. R., Sivagurunathan, P., Chang, S. W., et al. (2019). Application of nanotechnology (nanoparticles) in dark fermentative hydrogen production.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 1431–1440. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.114.
Rathna, G. S., Saranya, R., & Kalaiselvam, M. (2014). Original
Research Article Bioethanol from sawdust using cellulase hydrolysis of Aspergillus ochraceus and fermentation by Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. International Journal of Current Microbiology and
Applied, 3, 733–742.
Ravindran, R., Hassan, S. S., Williams, G. A., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2018).
A review on bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes to industrially
important enzymes. Bioengineering, 5, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.
3390/bioengineering5040093.
Bioconversion of Biowastes for Energy Applications
19
1631–1638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.163.
Millet, D. B., Apel, E., Henze, D. K., Hill, J., Marshall, J. D., Singh, H.
B., et al. (2012). Natural and anthropogenic ethanol sources in
North America and potential atmospheric impacts of ethanol fuel
use. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 8484–8492.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es300162u.
Monlau, F., Trably, E., Barakat, A., Hamelin, J., Steyer, J.-P., &
Carrere, H. (2013). Two-stage alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments to
enhance biohydrogen production from sunflower stalks. Environmental Science and Technology, 47, 12591–12599. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es402863v.
Montross, M., & Crofcheck, C. (2010). Energy crops for the production
of biofuels. RSC Energy & Environmental Series, 2010, 26–45.
Moretti, P., Morais de Araujo, J., Borges de Castilhos, A., Buffière, P.,
Gourdon, R., & Bayard, R. (2020). Characterization of municipal
biowaste categories for their capacity to be converted into a
feedstock aqueous slurry to produce methane by anaerobic digestion. Science of the Total Environment, 716, 137084. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137084.
Mtui, G. Y. S. (2009). Recent advances in pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes and production of value added products. African
Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 1398–1415. https://doi.org/10.4314/
ajb.v8i8.60134.
Mukherjee, A. K., Adhikari, H., & Rai, S. K. (2008). Production of
alkaline protease by a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis under
solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition using Imperata cylindrica
grass and potato peel as low-cost medium: Characterization and
application of enzyme in detergent formulation. Biochemical
Engineering Journal, 39, 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.
2007.09.017.
Mullen, C. A., & Boateng, A. A. (2008). Chemical composition of
bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis of two energy crops. Energy &
Fuels, 22, 2104–2109. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700776w.
Nasr, M., Tawfik, A., Ookawara, S., Suzuki, M., Kumari, S., & Bux, F.
(2015). Continuous biohydrogen production from starch wastewater
via sequential dark-photo fermentation with emphasize on maghemite nanoparticles. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 500–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.011.
Nghiem, N. P., O’Connor, J. P., & Hums, M. E. (2018). Integrated
process for extraction of wax as a value-added co-product and
improved ethanol production by converting both starch and
cellulosic components in sorghum grains. Fermentation, 4, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4010012.
Nigam, P. S. (2013). Microbial enzymes with special characteristics for
biotechnological applications. Biomolecules, 3, 597–611. https://
doi.org/10.3390/biom3030597.
Ning, Z., Zhang, H., Li, W., Zhang, R., Liu, G., & Chen, C. (2018).
Anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich swine slaughterhouse waste:
Methane production performance, long-chain fatty acids profile
and predominant microorganisms. Bioresource Technology, 269,
426–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.001.
Ohkouchi, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2007). Impact of chemical components of
organic wastes on l(+)-lactic acid production. Bioresource Technology, 98, 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.
005.
Oliveira, V. B., Simões, M., Melo, L. F., & Pinto, A. M. F. R. (2013).
Overview on the developments of microbial fuel cells. Biochemical
Engineering Journal, 73, 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2013.
01.012.
Ouda, O. K. M., Raza, S. A., Nizami, A. S., Rehan, M., Al-Waked, R.,
& Korres, N. E. (2016). Waste to energy potential: A case study of
Saudi Arabia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61,
328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.005.
Paliwal, A., Hoysall, C., & Kumar, H. (2019). Bioconversion of waste
conversion gases to liquid fuels: Challenges and opportunities: 7th
IconSWM—ISWMAW 2017, Volume 2. pp 477–485.
Panda, S. K., Mishra, S. S., Kayitesi, E., & Ray, R. C. (2016).
Microbial-processing of fruit and vegetable wastes for production of
vital enzymes and organic acids: Biotechnology and scopes.
Environmental Research, 146, 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envres.2015.12.035.
Pandey, A., Selvakumar, P., Soccol, C. R., & Nigam, P. (1999). Solid
state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes. Current
Science, 77, 149–162.
Pandey, A., Gupta, K., & Pandey, A. (2015). Effect of nanosized TiO2
on photofermentation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides NMBL-02.
Biomass and Bioenergy, 72, 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2014.10.021.
Pandey, A., Srivastava, S., Rai, P., & Duke, M. (2019). Cheese whey to
biohydrogen and useful organic acids: A non-pathogenic microbial
treatment by L. acidophilus. Scientific Reports, 9, 1–9. https://doi.
org/10.1038/s41598-019-42752-3.
Paritosh, K., Pareek, N., Chawade, A., & Vivekanand, V. (2019).
Prioritization of solid concentration and temperature for solid state
anaerobic digestion of pearl millet straw employing multi-criteria
assessment tool. Scientific Reports, 9, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41598-019-48437-1.
Pavlovič, I., Knez, Ž., & Škerget, M. (2013). Hydrothermal reactions of
agricultural and food processing wastes in sub- and supercritical
water: A review of fundamentals, mechanisms, and state of
research. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 8003–
8025. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf401008a.
Pazera, A., Slezak, R., Krzystek, L., Ledakowicz, S., Bochmann, G.,
Gabauer, W., et al. (2015). Biogas in Europe: Food and Beverage
(FAB) Waste Potential for Biogas Production. Energy & Fuels, 29,
4011–4021. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502812s.
Periyasamy, K., Santhalembi, L., Mortha, G., Aurousseau, M., Boyer,
A., & Subramanian, S. (2018). Bioconversion of lignocellulosic
biomass to fermentable sugars by immobilized magnetic cellulolytic
enzyme cocktails. Langmuir, 34, 6546–6555. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.langmuir.8b00976.
Pimentel, D. (1991). Ethanol fuels: Energy security, economics, and the
environment. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 4,
1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229143.
Powell, J. T., Pons, J. C., & Chertow, M. (2016). Waste informatics:
establishing characteristics of contemporary u.s. landfill quantities
and practices. Environmental Science and Technology, 50, 10877–
10884. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02848.
Priyadarshan, P. M. (2011). Biotechnology and molecular biology.
Biology of Hevea rubber (pp. 101–125). Wallingford: CABI.
Prusty, B. A. K., Chandra, R., & Azeez, P. A. (2008). Biodiesel:
Freedom from Dependence on Fossil Fuels? Nat Preced, 1–27.
https://doi.org/10.1038/npre.2008.2658.1.
Pugazhendhi, A., Shobana, S., Nguyen, D. D., Banu, J. R., Sivagurunathan, P., Chang, S. W., et al. (2019). Application of nanotechnology (nanoparticles) in dark fermentative hydrogen production.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 1431–1440. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.114.
Rathna, G. S., Saranya, R., & Kalaiselvam, M. (2014). Original
Research Article Bioethanol from sawdust using cellulase hydrolysis of Aspergillus ochraceus and fermentation by Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. International Journal of Current Microbiology and
Applied, 3, 733–742.
Ravindran, R., Hassan, S. S., Williams, G. A., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2018).
A review on bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes to industrially
important enzymes. Bioengineering, 5, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.
3390/bioengineering5040093.
Bioconversion of Biowastes for Energy Applications
19