6. Julie Watson, “Mexican drug gangs spread fear
through Internet, newspaper ads, messages tacked
to dead,” Associated Press, April 12, 2007.
7. See the Banda Ancha campaign of Atina Chile
(http://www.atinachile.cl/taxonomy/term/150); the
Metropolitan Technological University
(http://www.utem.cl/cyt/derecho/gobierno.html); and
the Center for Informational Rights of the University
of Chile (http://www.cedi.uchile.cl/), as well as its
book listing (http://www.cedi.uchile.cl/catalogo/
derechoinformatico/index.html).
8. Patrick Symmes, “Che is dead,” Wired, February
1998, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.02/
cuba.html.
9. Reporters Without Borders, “Going online in Cuba:
Internet under surveillance,” October 2006,
http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_gb_md_1.pdf.
10. World Bank Group, World Development Indicators
Database, April 2006 (data are from 2005), Latin
America & Caribbean Data Profile, http://devdata.
worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?PTYPE=CP&C
CODE=LAC.
11. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Internet: The Americas – 2006, p. 27.
12. International Telecommunications Union, ITU ICT
Eye, Cuba, at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/
DisplayCountry.aspx?countryId=63.
13. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Internet: The Americas – 2006, p. 27.
14. Ibid. p. 28.
15. World Bank Group, World Development Indicators
Database, April 2006 (data are from 2005), Latin
America & Caribbean Data Profile,
http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?
PTYPE=CP&CCODE=LAC.
16. International Telecommunication Union, Trends in
Telecommunication Reform 2000–2001, p. 193,
http://www.ituarabic.org/arabbook/2004/GTTR2000.pdf; see also http://www.cuba.cu/sitios.php?
idrcategoria=8&base=0 (listing Cuban internet
providers).
17. International Telecommunication Union, Trends in
Telecommunication Reform 2000–2001, p. 193,
http://www.ituarabic.org/arabbook/2004/GTTR2000.pdf.
18. Dana Bomkamp and Maria Soler, Information
Technology in Cuba, http://www.american.edu/
carmel/ms4917a/Internet%20Diffusion.htm.
19. Patrick Symmes, “Che is dead,” Wired, February
1998, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.02/
cuba.html.
20. Reporters Without Borders, “Going online in Cuba:
Internet under surveillance,” October 2006,
http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_gb_md_1.pdf.
21. Patrick Symmes, “Che is dead,” Wired, February
1998, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.02/
cuba.htm.
22. Reporters Without Borders, Mexico: Annual Report
2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=
20539; Reporters Without Borders, Cuba:Annual
Report 2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?
id_article=20534.
23. Global Competitiveness Report 2001–2002,
Harvard Center for International Development,
http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cr/profiles/Venezuela.pdf.
24. Ibid.
25. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Internet: The Americas – 2006, p. 27.
26. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Infrastructure: VoIP NGNs in the Americas – 2005,
December 31, 2006, p. 36.
27. In Bolivia, however, there is virtually no enforcement
of this law. There is private use of VoIP, and most
Internet cafés provide a VoIP service. E-mail to Open
Net Initiative, April 2, 2007.
28. International Telecommunication Union, The Future
of Voice: Ruling Voice over IP: Challenges for
Regulators in Latin America, June 16, 2006,
http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/voice/documents/Backg
round/VoIP_LatinAmerica_Nathaly_Rey.pdf.
29. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Infrastructure: VoIP NGNs in the Americas – 2005,
December 31, 2006, pp. 32–3.
30. International Telecommunication Union, REGULATORY Newslog, VoIP Regulation due early 2007,
January 4, 2007, http://www.itu.int/ituweblogs/treg/
default,date,2007-01-09.aspx.
31. The New York Times, “A website born in U.S. finds
fans in Brazil,” April 10, 2006, http://www.nytimes.
com/2006/04/10/technology/10orkut.html?ex=13023
21600&en=81a68673b731539d&ei=5088.
32. Law no. 38.529, Asamblea Nacional de la Republica
Bolivariana de Venezeula, “Ley de Protección de Niños,
Niñas y Adolescentes en salas de uso de Internet,
Vídeo Juegos y otros Multimedia” November 5,
2006, http://www.asambleanacional.
gov.ve/ns2/leyes.asp?id=741&dis=1 (in Spanish).
33. Law no. 25.690. See InfoLeg, Centro de documentacion e informacion del Ministerio de Economia,
“Establécese que las empresas ISP (Internet Service
Provider) tendrán la obligación de ofrecer software
de protección que impida al acceso a sitios
específicos,” November 28, 2002,
http://infoleg.mecon.gov.ar/infolegInternet/
anexos/80000-84999/81031/norma.htm (in Spanish).
34. Privacy International, Silenced: Latin America Profile,
January 1, 2003, http://www.privacyinternational.org/
article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-103798.
Regional Overviews
203
through Internet, newspaper ads, messages tacked
to dead,” Associated Press, April 12, 2007.
7. See the Banda Ancha campaign of Atina Chile
(http://www.atinachile.cl/taxonomy/term/150); the
Metropolitan Technological University
(http://www.utem.cl/cyt/derecho/gobierno.html); and
the Center for Informational Rights of the University
of Chile (http://www.cedi.uchile.cl/), as well as its
book listing (http://www.cedi.uchile.cl/catalogo/
derechoinformatico/index.html).
8. Patrick Symmes, “Che is dead,” Wired, February
1998, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.02/
cuba.html.
9. Reporters Without Borders, “Going online in Cuba:
Internet under surveillance,” October 2006,
http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_gb_md_1.pdf.
10. World Bank Group, World Development Indicators
Database, April 2006 (data are from 2005), Latin
America & Caribbean Data Profile, http://devdata.
worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?PTYPE=CP&C
CODE=LAC.
11. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Internet: The Americas – 2006, p. 27.
12. International Telecommunications Union, ITU ICT
Eye, Cuba, at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/
DisplayCountry.aspx?countryId=63.
13. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Internet: The Americas – 2006, p. 27.
14. Ibid. p. 28.
15. World Bank Group, World Development Indicators
Database, April 2006 (data are from 2005), Latin
America & Caribbean Data Profile,
http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?
PTYPE=CP&CCODE=LAC.
16. International Telecommunication Union, Trends in
Telecommunication Reform 2000–2001, p. 193,
http://www.ituarabic.org/arabbook/2004/GTTR2000.pdf; see also http://www.cuba.cu/sitios.php?
idrcategoria=8&base=0 (listing Cuban internet
providers).
17. International Telecommunication Union, Trends in
Telecommunication Reform 2000–2001, p. 193,
http://www.ituarabic.org/arabbook/2004/GTTR2000.pdf.
18. Dana Bomkamp and Maria Soler, Information
Technology in Cuba, http://www.american.edu/
carmel/ms4917a/Internet%20Diffusion.htm.
19. Patrick Symmes, “Che is dead,” Wired, February
1998, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.02/
cuba.html.
20. Reporters Without Borders, “Going online in Cuba:
Internet under surveillance,” October 2006,
http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_gb_md_1.pdf.
21. Patrick Symmes, “Che is dead,” Wired, February
1998, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.02/
cuba.htm.
22. Reporters Without Borders, Mexico: Annual Report
2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=
20539; Reporters Without Borders, Cuba:Annual
Report 2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?
id_article=20534.
23. Global Competitiveness Report 2001–2002,
Harvard Center for International Development,
http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cr/profiles/Venezuela.pdf.
24. Ibid.
25. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Internet: The Americas – 2006, p. 27.
26. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Infrastructure: VoIP NGNs in the Americas – 2005,
December 31, 2006, p. 36.
27. In Bolivia, however, there is virtually no enforcement
of this law. There is private use of VoIP, and most
Internet cafés provide a VoIP service. E-mail to Open
Net Initiative, April 2, 2007.
28. International Telecommunication Union, The Future
of Voice: Ruling Voice over IP: Challenges for
Regulators in Latin America, June 16, 2006,
http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/voice/documents/Backg
round/VoIP_LatinAmerica_Nathaly_Rey.pdf.
29. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., Regional:
Infrastructure: VoIP NGNs in the Americas – 2005,
December 31, 2006, pp. 32–3.
30. International Telecommunication Union, REGULATORY Newslog, VoIP Regulation due early 2007,
January 4, 2007, http://www.itu.int/ituweblogs/treg/
default,date,2007-01-09.aspx.
31. The New York Times, “A website born in U.S. finds
fans in Brazil,” April 10, 2006, http://www.nytimes.
com/2006/04/10/technology/10orkut.html?ex=13023
21600&en=81a68673b731539d&ei=5088.
32. Law no. 38.529, Asamblea Nacional de la Republica
Bolivariana de Venezeula, “Ley de Protección de Niños,
Niñas y Adolescentes en salas de uso de Internet,
Vídeo Juegos y otros Multimedia” November 5,
2006, http://www.asambleanacional.
gov.ve/ns2/leyes.asp?id=741&dis=1 (in Spanish).
33. Law no. 25.690. See InfoLeg, Centro de documentacion e informacion del Ministerio de Economia,
“Establécese que las empresas ISP (Internet Service
Provider) tendrán la obligación de ofrecer software
de protección que impida al acceso a sitios
específicos,” November 28, 2002,
http://infoleg.mecon.gov.ar/infolegInternet/
anexos/80000-84999/81031/norma.htm (in Spanish).
34. Privacy International, Silenced: Latin America Profile,
January 1, 2003, http://www.privacyinternational.org/
article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-103798.
Regional Overviews
203