42. Yaman Akdeniz, “Case Analysis of Laurence
Godfrey v. Demon Internet Limited,” 1999,
http://www.cyber-rights.org/reports/demon.htm;
Consumer Project on Technology, CPT’s Page on
Defamation and Libel Cases, http://www.cptech.org/
ecom/jurisdiction/defamation2.html.
43. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/12/world/europe/
12britain.html.
44. http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/defamation(1).pdf
(accessed May 11, 2007).
45. http://www.flickr.com/photos/jesper/336756697/
(accessed May 11, 2007).
46. Article at http://www.dagbladet.no/dinside/2007/
02/12/491719.html (in Norwegian), cited February
13, 2007, in http://www.opennetinitiative.
net/blog/?p=144.
47. BitTorrent is “a peer-to-peer (P2P) communications
protocol for file sharing,” and is a “method of distributing large amounts of data widely without the original distributor incurring the entire costs of hardware,
hosting and bandwidth resources.” In this system,
“when data is distributed using the BitTorrent protocol, recipients each supply data to newer recipients,
reducing the cost and burden on any given individual source, providing redundancy against system
problems, and reducing dependence upon the original distributor.” A BitTorrent client is any client that
implements the BitTorrent protocol, and “each client
is capable of preparing, requesting, and transmitting
any type of computer file over a network, using the
protocol. A peer is any computer running an
instance of a client. To share a file or group of files, a
peer first creates a ‘torrent’. This is a small file which
contains metadata about the files to be shared, and
about the ‘tracker’, the computer that coordinates
the file distribution. Peers that want to download the
file first obtain a torrent file for it, and connect to the
specified tracker which tells them from which other
peers to download the pieces of the file.” See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent (accessed May
11, 2007).
48. In May 2006 the Web site administrator and systems
operator of www.arenabg.com had been arrested
and subsequently released on lack of grounds for
arrest.
49. http://www.novinite.bg.
50. http://torrentfreak.com/government-blocks-torrentsite-citizens-protest/ (accessed May 11, 2007).
51. Ibid.
52. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?
xml=/news/2007/02/13/wgoogle113.xml (accessed
May 11, 2007).
53. http://www.out-law.com/page-7758 (accessed May
11, 2007).
54. Introduced in Belgium in 2006, Google News shows
headlines, photos, and the first few lines of news
stories with links to the full versions on the Belgian
newspaper Web sites.
55. http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.3/
google-belgium (accessed May 11, 2007).
56. http://news.com.com/2100-1030_3-6174008.html
(accessed May 11, 2007).
57. http://wistechnology.com/article.php?id=3548
(accessed May 11, 2007).
58. http://www.jisclegal.ac.uk/ispliability/ispliability.htm
(accessed May 11, 2007).
59. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=
5275032 (accessed May 11, 2007).
60. http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?
cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-63514 (accessed May 11,
2007).
61. At present, IP addresses, search queries, and cookie
details are retained by Google in Europe for eighteen to twenty-four months. After this period, server
logs are anonymized and it is no longer possible to
identify users.
62. See http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.6/
google-data-retention (accessed May 11, 2007).
63. http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.5/
sweden-wiretapping (accessed May 11, 2007).
196
Regional Overviews
Godfrey v. Demon Internet Limited,” 1999,
http://www.cyber-rights.org/reports/demon.htm;
Consumer Project on Technology, CPT’s Page on
Defamation and Libel Cases, http://www.cptech.org/
ecom/jurisdiction/defamation2.html.
43. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/12/world/europe/
12britain.html.
44. http://www.lawcom.gov.uk/docs/defamation(1).pdf
(accessed May 11, 2007).
45. http://www.flickr.com/photos/jesper/336756697/
(accessed May 11, 2007).
46. Article at http://www.dagbladet.no/dinside/2007/
02/12/491719.html (in Norwegian), cited February
13, 2007, in http://www.opennetinitiative.
net/blog/?p=144.
47. BitTorrent is “a peer-to-peer (P2P) communications
protocol for file sharing,” and is a “method of distributing large amounts of data widely without the original distributor incurring the entire costs of hardware,
hosting and bandwidth resources.” In this system,
“when data is distributed using the BitTorrent protocol, recipients each supply data to newer recipients,
reducing the cost and burden on any given individual source, providing redundancy against system
problems, and reducing dependence upon the original distributor.” A BitTorrent client is any client that
implements the BitTorrent protocol, and “each client
is capable of preparing, requesting, and transmitting
any type of computer file over a network, using the
protocol. A peer is any computer running an
instance of a client. To share a file or group of files, a
peer first creates a ‘torrent’. This is a small file which
contains metadata about the files to be shared, and
about the ‘tracker’, the computer that coordinates
the file distribution. Peers that want to download the
file first obtain a torrent file for it, and connect to the
specified tracker which tells them from which other
peers to download the pieces of the file.” See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent (accessed May
11, 2007).
48. In May 2006 the Web site administrator and systems
operator of www.arenabg.com had been arrested
and subsequently released on lack of grounds for
arrest.
49. http://www.novinite.bg.
50. http://torrentfreak.com/government-blocks-torrentsite-citizens-protest/ (accessed May 11, 2007).
51. Ibid.
52. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?
xml=/news/2007/02/13/wgoogle113.xml (accessed
May 11, 2007).
53. http://www.out-law.com/page-7758 (accessed May
11, 2007).
54. Introduced in Belgium in 2006, Google News shows
headlines, photos, and the first few lines of news
stories with links to the full versions on the Belgian
newspaper Web sites.
55. http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.3/
google-belgium (accessed May 11, 2007).
56. http://news.com.com/2100-1030_3-6174008.html
(accessed May 11, 2007).
57. http://wistechnology.com/article.php?id=3548
(accessed May 11, 2007).
58. http://www.jisclegal.ac.uk/ispliability/ispliability.htm
(accessed May 11, 2007).
59. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=
5275032 (accessed May 11, 2007).
60. http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?
cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-63514 (accessed May 11,
2007).
61. At present, IP addresses, search queries, and cookie
details are retained by Google in Europe for eighteen to twenty-four months. After this period, server
logs are anonymized and it is no longer possible to
identify users.
62. See http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.6/
google-data-retention (accessed May 11, 2007).
63. http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number5.5/
sweden-wiretapping (accessed May 11, 2007).
196
Regional Overviews