Sea
40 ; the Convention for the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources
41 ; and the Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in
North-East Atlantic Fisheries.
42 The Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission
(WECAFC) was established in 1973 by Resolution 4/61 of the FAO Council under
Article VI (1) of the FAO Constitution.
43 The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) was established in 1967.
44 It is important to note that all of
these conventions have been amended, have been replaced by a new convention, or
have the mechanism to renew the substantive rules to respond to the new development of legal rules and approaches.
3.2.2 Development Since the Adoption of the UNCLOS
Since the adoption of the UNCLOS, the following organizations for CMFS have
been established to ensure the cooperation among coastal and fishing States: the
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO)
45 ; the North Pacific
Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)
46 ; the Commission for the Conservation
of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
47 ; the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
40 The Convention was signed in 1923 and established the International Pacific Halibut Commission
(IPHC). The most recent change occurred in 1979 by the Protocol Amending the Convention; see
https://iphc.int/the-commission. The Pacific Halibut Fishery Regulations (2018) is available at
https://iphc.int/uploads/pdf/regs/iphc-2018-regs.pdf.
41 The Convention was signed on 20 May 1980 and entered into force on 7 April 1982. The
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) was
established by this convention. The text of the convention is available at https://www.ccamlr.org/
en/organisation/camlr-convention-text.
42 The Convention was signed on 18 November 1980 and entered into force on 17 March 1982 to
replace the earlier 1959 North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention. The North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) was established by this convention. The convention was further
amended and the latest version is available at https://www.neafc.org/system/files/Text-ofNEAFC-Convention-04.pdf.
43 See http://www.fao.org/fishery/rfb/wecafc/en#Org-LegalFoundation. Its Statutes were amended
by the FAO Council in 1978 and in 2006. The latest amended version (Resolution 1/131) is
available at http://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/DOCUMENT/wecafc/statutes.pdf.
44 Regarding the relationship between FAO and RFMOs and RFMAs, please see http://www.
seafdec.org/about.
45 The NASCO was established in 1984 by the Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the
North Atlantic Ocean, entered into force on 1 October 1983, http://www.nasco.int/background.
html. The text of the Convention is available at http://www.nasco.int/convention.html.
46 The NPAFC was established by the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in
the North Pacific Ocean, which was signed on 11 February 1992 and entered into force on
16 February 1993. Its text is available at https://npafc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hand
book-3rd-E-Convention-Only-English.pdf.
47 The CCSBT was established by the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna,
which was signed on 10 May 1993 and entered into force on 20 May 1994. Its text of the
Convention is available at https://www.ccsbt.org/en/content/basic-documents-commission.
18
M. Kawano
40 ; the Convention for the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources
41 ; and the Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in
North-East Atlantic Fisheries.
42 The Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission
(WECAFC) was established in 1973 by Resolution 4/61 of the FAO Council under
Article VI (1) of the FAO Constitution.
43 The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) was established in 1967.
44 It is important to note that all of
these conventions have been amended, have been replaced by a new convention, or
have the mechanism to renew the substantive rules to respond to the new development of legal rules and approaches.
3.2.2 Development Since the Adoption of the UNCLOS
Since the adoption of the UNCLOS, the following organizations for CMFS have
been established to ensure the cooperation among coastal and fishing States: the
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO)
45 ; the North Pacific
Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)
46 ; the Commission for the Conservation
of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
47 ; the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
40 The Convention was signed in 1923 and established the International Pacific Halibut Commission
(IPHC). The most recent change occurred in 1979 by the Protocol Amending the Convention; see
https://iphc.int/the-commission. The Pacific Halibut Fishery Regulations (2018) is available at
https://iphc.int/uploads/pdf/regs/iphc-2018-regs.pdf.
41 The Convention was signed on 20 May 1980 and entered into force on 7 April 1982. The
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) was
established by this convention. The text of the convention is available at https://www.ccamlr.org/
en/organisation/camlr-convention-text.
42 The Convention was signed on 18 November 1980 and entered into force on 17 March 1982 to
replace the earlier 1959 North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention. The North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) was established by this convention. The convention was further
amended and the latest version is available at https://www.neafc.org/system/files/Text-ofNEAFC-Convention-04.pdf.
43 See http://www.fao.org/fishery/rfb/wecafc/en#Org-LegalFoundation. Its Statutes were amended
by the FAO Council in 1978 and in 2006. The latest amended version (Resolution 1/131) is
available at http://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/DOCUMENT/wecafc/statutes.pdf.
44 Regarding the relationship between FAO and RFMOs and RFMAs, please see http://www.
seafdec.org/about.
45 The NASCO was established in 1984 by the Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the
North Atlantic Ocean, entered into force on 1 October 1983, http://www.nasco.int/background.
html. The text of the Convention is available at http://www.nasco.int/convention.html.
46 The NPAFC was established by the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in
the North Pacific Ocean, which was signed on 11 February 1992 and entered into force on
16 February 1993. Its text is available at https://npafc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hand
book-3rd-E-Convention-Only-English.pdf.
47 The CCSBT was established by the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna,
which was signed on 10 May 1993 and entered into force on 20 May 1994. Its text of the
Convention is available at https://www.ccsbt.org/en/content/basic-documents-commission.
18
M. Kawano