752
H. Xu
social progress with environmental protection. Spatial planning will determine the
management of the use of territorial space, which serves as an important basis and
starting point for forestalling environmental risks. Risk sources and environmental
risk receptors are two critical factors of environmental risks, as well as two necessary
conditions for sudden and cumulative environmental events. In the context of limited
land resources, the spatial relationship between risk sources and sensitive receptors
in the ecological environment determines the likelihood of environmental risks.
At present, China’s spatial planning is mainly to implement the national security strategies and main functional strategies, integrate multiple goals, and delineate
the red line for urban, agricultural, ecological space as well as the boundaries for
ecological protection, permanent basic farmlands, and urban development (collectively referred to as the “three zones and three lines”), optimize the urbanization,
agricultural production and ecological protection patterns, manage development
intensity, implement major control lines, coordinate various types of spatial planning, so as to form a unified big picture of territorial space development, conservation, utilization, and restoration. Sudden and cumulative environmental (pollution)
events with layout-related problems can be prevented or totally avoided through
spatial planning to delineate the “three zones and three lines” or to manage the
use of different spaces. The key to integrating the requirements of preventing environmental risks in spatial planning is to pursue binding by environment protection
beforehand. By optimizing the distribution of risk sources and environmental receptors, we can reduce sudden environmental events, or by focusing on ecological safety
and resource consumption, with improvement of environmental quality at the core,
scientifically and effectively control the use of space to reduce or avoid cumulative environmental events. Meanwhile, spatial planning should merge with ecological protection goals, environmental quality control lines, and resource consumption
“ceilings,” besides setting strict requirements for access to the ecological environment as vital constraints on implementation of spatial planning, so as to strictly
control regional spaces for reduced environmental risks. Moreover, we should take
the carrying capacity of natural resources and environmental capacity as the basis
for strategic decision-making and preconditions for planning, and take resource and
environmental conditions into consideration while putting constraints on spatial planning to force transformation of economic development, thereby achieving harmony
between human and nature. We should link territorial space delimitation and zoning
with the division of environmental management and control units, in order to coordinate the use of territorial space with access to the ecological environment for more
rational and coordinated spatial planning. We should combine policies that offer
access to the ecological environment with spatial planning, taking the development
goals and positioning of each region as the guide, to propose practical control requirements that coordinate environmental protection with regional development, and help
implement measures for managing the environment and forestalling environmental
risks.
H. Xu
social progress with environmental protection. Spatial planning will determine the
management of the use of territorial space, which serves as an important basis and
starting point for forestalling environmental risks. Risk sources and environmental
risk receptors are two critical factors of environmental risks, as well as two necessary
conditions for sudden and cumulative environmental events. In the context of limited
land resources, the spatial relationship between risk sources and sensitive receptors
in the ecological environment determines the likelihood of environmental risks.
At present, China’s spatial planning is mainly to implement the national security strategies and main functional strategies, integrate multiple goals, and delineate
the red line for urban, agricultural, ecological space as well as the boundaries for
ecological protection, permanent basic farmlands, and urban development (collectively referred to as the “three zones and three lines”), optimize the urbanization,
agricultural production and ecological protection patterns, manage development
intensity, implement major control lines, coordinate various types of spatial planning, so as to form a unified big picture of territorial space development, conservation, utilization, and restoration. Sudden and cumulative environmental (pollution)
events with layout-related problems can be prevented or totally avoided through
spatial planning to delineate the “three zones and three lines” or to manage the
use of different spaces. The key to integrating the requirements of preventing environmental risks in spatial planning is to pursue binding by environment protection
beforehand. By optimizing the distribution of risk sources and environmental receptors, we can reduce sudden environmental events, or by focusing on ecological safety
and resource consumption, with improvement of environmental quality at the core,
scientifically and effectively control the use of space to reduce or avoid cumulative environmental events. Meanwhile, spatial planning should merge with ecological protection goals, environmental quality control lines, and resource consumption
“ceilings,” besides setting strict requirements for access to the ecological environment as vital constraints on implementation of spatial planning, so as to strictly
control regional spaces for reduced environmental risks. Moreover, we should take
the carrying capacity of natural resources and environmental capacity as the basis
for strategic decision-making and preconditions for planning, and take resource and
environmental conditions into consideration while putting constraints on spatial planning to force transformation of economic development, thereby achieving harmony
between human and nature. We should link territorial space delimitation and zoning
with the division of environmental management and control units, in order to coordinate the use of territorial space with access to the ecological environment for more
rational and coordinated spatial planning. We should combine policies that offer
access to the ecological environment with spatial planning, taking the development
goals and positioning of each region as the guide, to propose practical control requirements that coordinate environmental protection with regional development, and help
implement measures for managing the environment and forestalling environmental
risks.