744
M. Wang
state expressed more active and independent actions, rather than just willingness to
take cooperative actions, and their stance on climate governance also shifted from
previous concerns about the cost of climate governance to actively seeking opportunities of economic growth and driving forces from international climate governance. This is a cognitive shift that also laid a more solid foundation for subsequent
negotiations and global response.
The new paradigm of international climate governance: active commitment and
joint action. Based on their economic and social development and the inclusive mechanism of nationally determined contributions, some developing countries, including
China, have shown their willingness to cooperate by putting forward a more positive
nationally determined contribution goal than they did in previous climate agreements.
In the document of nationally appropriate mitigation actions of the Copenhagen
Accord (developing countries’ nationally determined emission reduction action
targets before 2020), developing countries proposed their emission reduction targets
based on the premise that they could obtain funding, technologies, and capacity
building support. However, in the nationally determined contribution target system
under the Paris Agreement, more developing countries showed a positive attitude in
taking action on their own initiative, and they were very flexible in the negotiation of
the financial mechanism, transparency, and the inventory mechanism, showing their
willingness and commitment to make joint efforts.
Under the Paris Agreement, 188 parties submitted nationally determined contribution targets to be implemented mostly from 2021 to 2030, with some from 2021
to 2025. Each country repeatedly discussed and adjusted their targets at home before
proposing. With the ratification process of the Paris Agreement, the nationally determined contribution targets put forward by all countries will be further established as
domestic legally binding action goals that will in turn ensure the realization of the
Paris Agreement goals. The subsequent negotiations will also focus on the implementation of the Paris Agreement, and prompt all parties to implement the Agreement
by passing the legally binding and supportive rules covering transparency, global
inventory, and financial mechanisms. From the Copenhagen Accord to the Paris
Agreement, the cooperation model of all parties under international climate governance gradually shifted from the model where developed countries led and developing countries followed to a new paradigm of independent contributions, active
commitments, and joint actions by all parties. Regarding the relationship between
climate change and economic development, there was also a significant change in
understanding and concepts, from the previous view of climate change as an incremental cost of economic development to a new idea of climate change as a catalyst
for economic growth as well as green transformation and development. Such positive
changes have established a new paradigm for international climate governance and
prompted a leap forward in achieving global climate security through international
cooperation.
M. Wang
state expressed more active and independent actions, rather than just willingness to
take cooperative actions, and their stance on climate governance also shifted from
previous concerns about the cost of climate governance to actively seeking opportunities of economic growth and driving forces from international climate governance. This is a cognitive shift that also laid a more solid foundation for subsequent
negotiations and global response.
The new paradigm of international climate governance: active commitment and
joint action. Based on their economic and social development and the inclusive mechanism of nationally determined contributions, some developing countries, including
China, have shown their willingness to cooperate by putting forward a more positive
nationally determined contribution goal than they did in previous climate agreements.
In the document of nationally appropriate mitigation actions of the Copenhagen
Accord (developing countries’ nationally determined emission reduction action
targets before 2020), developing countries proposed their emission reduction targets
based on the premise that they could obtain funding, technologies, and capacity
building support. However, in the nationally determined contribution target system
under the Paris Agreement, more developing countries showed a positive attitude in
taking action on their own initiative, and they were very flexible in the negotiation of
the financial mechanism, transparency, and the inventory mechanism, showing their
willingness and commitment to make joint efforts.
Under the Paris Agreement, 188 parties submitted nationally determined contribution targets to be implemented mostly from 2021 to 2030, with some from 2021
to 2025. Each country repeatedly discussed and adjusted their targets at home before
proposing. With the ratification process of the Paris Agreement, the nationally determined contribution targets put forward by all countries will be further established as
domestic legally binding action goals that will in turn ensure the realization of the
Paris Agreement goals. The subsequent negotiations will also focus on the implementation of the Paris Agreement, and prompt all parties to implement the Agreement
by passing the legally binding and supportive rules covering transparency, global
inventory, and financial mechanisms. From the Copenhagen Accord to the Paris
Agreement, the cooperation model of all parties under international climate governance gradually shifted from the model where developed countries led and developing countries followed to a new paradigm of independent contributions, active
commitments, and joint actions by all parties. Regarding the relationship between
climate change and economic development, there was also a significant change in
understanding and concepts, from the previous view of climate change as an incremental cost of economic development to a new idea of climate change as a catalyst
for economic growth as well as green transformation and development. Such positive
changes have established a new paradigm for international climate governance and
prompted a leap forward in achieving global climate security through international
cooperation.