Interpreting Ecological Civilization with the Latest Results …
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ideology of the “13th Five-Year Plan” began to reveal trace of the inclusion
model, and stressed concepts such as the ecological red line and ecological
functional zoning, using the ecological red line to force the transformation of
the growth model. In fact, China will achieve a per capita GDP of USD 10,000
in 2020, moving from the inner to middle tiers of the doughnut economics.
At that time, it will enter a new stage of development and need to solve two
major issues and strengthen the macro management of ecological civilization.
While conceiving the post-2020 five-year plans, China have to deal with the
relationship among the economy, society, environment, and governance from
the perspective of full coverage and penetration of ecological civilization.
(2) Macro management as well as cooperation and integration among the governments. Combing cooperative governance with the building of ecological civilization first requires the cooperation and integration among the governments
that are conducive to ecological civilization, including planning, institutional,
policy, and indicator integration. In terms of planning integration, the post-2020
five-year plans should go beyond the traditional resource and environmental
sectors and make these fields the mainstream of economic and social development—for example, emphasizing red line constraints and ecological thresholds
in the resource and environment sectors; stressing content enhancement and
efficiency improvement in terms of economic growth; accentuating ecological justice and green consumption in social development; and underlining
adaptive and mitigation management in cooperative governance. Regarding
to system integration, there are two aspects that need to be improved in the
post-2020 five-year plans: one is that departments like the development and
reform commission should do a better job in conducting top-level design and
coordinating the building of ecological civilization, instead of repeating what
the resource and environmental departments used to do. The other is that all
development departments should integrate ecological civilization into their
professional fields to promote the ecological and green processes in all areas
of the economy and society. And the traditional resource and environmental
departments should better strengthen the ecological red lines, environmental
bottom lines, and resource ceilings, in a bid to force the transformation of
the growth model in various fields, rather than putting all efforts into end-ofpie governance. As for indicator integration, while conceiving the post-2020
five-year plans, we should strengthen the compound indicators combing the
environment and development—for example, resource productivity indexes,
such as the economic output per unit of land, economic output per unit of
energy consumption, economic output per unit of water consumption, and
economic output per unit of waste, can be used to measure the development
level of the green economy; in green development, human development per
unit of ecological footprint can be used to measure the development and type
of local ecological civilization; the relative and absolute decoupling of development and environment can be used to illustrate the progress of ecological
civilization. In terms of policy integration, the institutional construction and
733
ideology of the “13th Five-Year Plan” began to reveal trace of the inclusion
model, and stressed concepts such as the ecological red line and ecological
functional zoning, using the ecological red line to force the transformation of
the growth model. In fact, China will achieve a per capita GDP of USD 10,000
in 2020, moving from the inner to middle tiers of the doughnut economics.
At that time, it will enter a new stage of development and need to solve two
major issues and strengthen the macro management of ecological civilization.
While conceiving the post-2020 five-year plans, China have to deal with the
relationship among the economy, society, environment, and governance from
the perspective of full coverage and penetration of ecological civilization.
(2) Macro management as well as cooperation and integration among the governments. Combing cooperative governance with the building of ecological civilization first requires the cooperation and integration among the governments
that are conducive to ecological civilization, including planning, institutional,
policy, and indicator integration. In terms of planning integration, the post-2020
five-year plans should go beyond the traditional resource and environmental
sectors and make these fields the mainstream of economic and social development—for example, emphasizing red line constraints and ecological thresholds
in the resource and environment sectors; stressing content enhancement and
efficiency improvement in terms of economic growth; accentuating ecological justice and green consumption in social development; and underlining
adaptive and mitigation management in cooperative governance. Regarding
to system integration, there are two aspects that need to be improved in the
post-2020 five-year plans: one is that departments like the development and
reform commission should do a better job in conducting top-level design and
coordinating the building of ecological civilization, instead of repeating what
the resource and environmental departments used to do. The other is that all
development departments should integrate ecological civilization into their
professional fields to promote the ecological and green processes in all areas
of the economy and society. And the traditional resource and environmental
departments should better strengthen the ecological red lines, environmental
bottom lines, and resource ceilings, in a bid to force the transformation of
the growth model in various fields, rather than putting all efforts into end-ofpie governance. As for indicator integration, while conceiving the post-2020
five-year plans, we should strengthen the compound indicators combing the
environment and development—for example, resource productivity indexes,
such as the economic output per unit of land, economic output per unit of
energy consumption, economic output per unit of water consumption, and
economic output per unit of waste, can be used to measure the development
level of the green economy; in green development, human development per
unit of ecological footprint can be used to measure the development and type
of local ecological civilization; the relative and absolute decoupling of development and environment can be used to illustrate the progress of ecological
civilization. In terms of policy integration, the institutional construction and