On Xi Jinping’s Important Statements on Reform …
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(3) The responsibility division between departments and localities at different
levels is reformed according to the control theory. In ecological and environmental management, there exist prominent conflicts between different departments (such as between the forestry department and the water conservancy
department, between the water conservancy department and the environmental
protection department), between different localities (such as between upstream
and downstream localities, and between localities on the left bank and the right
bank of a river), and between departments and localities. In regional comprehensive planning, land planning, and spatial planning, it is common for Area
A in the upstream area to plan its water source in its upstream, while the
industrial area its downstream, which is followed suit by other areas B and
C. In this way, A’s industrial area becomes the upstream of B’s water source,
and B’s industrial area becomes the upstream of C’s water source, and so on
and so forth. This highlights the importance to strengthen the coordination
between departments, between localities, and between departments and localities. That’s why Xi attaches great importance to space control and advance
planning. The report to the 18th CPC National Congress calls for more efforts
in ecological conservation, and the first step is to “optimize the pattern of
land and space development.” The Decision of the CPC Central Committee
and the State Council on Several Major Issues Regarding Comprehensively
Deepening Reform stresses the importance of “establishing a spatial planning
system” and “defining the red line for ecological protection.” The Opinions of
the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating Ecological Progress specifically elaborates on “strengthening the positioning of main
functions and optimizing the development pattern of land and space.” The
Master Plan for Reform of the System for Developing an Ecological Civilization proposes the establishment of eight systems, two of which are about the
use of space, namely “a system for the development and protection of land and
space” and “a space planning system.” It is precisely under the guidance of
Xi Jinping’s important statements on the reform of the system for developing
an ecological civilization that China has gradually established the main function planning system, national park system, ecological red line system, and the
system of replacing multiple plans with a master plan.
2. The mechanism design for promoting ecological progress
In ecological conservation, there are areas where the government mechanism, market
mechanism, and/or social mechanism work, and where they fail, either individually
or collectively. For this reason, the mechanism design must take into account the
effective range of each mechanism on the one hand, and the checks and balances
between different mechanisms on the other. Xi Jinping attaches great importance to
the effective range of each mechanism.
(1) The government takes the initiative to take responsibility. At the National
Conference on Eco-environmental Protection, Xi Jinping emphasized that the
ecological environment is a major political issue concerning the Party’s mission
611
(3) The responsibility division between departments and localities at different
levels is reformed according to the control theory. In ecological and environmental management, there exist prominent conflicts between different departments (such as between the forestry department and the water conservancy
department, between the water conservancy department and the environmental
protection department), between different localities (such as between upstream
and downstream localities, and between localities on the left bank and the right
bank of a river), and between departments and localities. In regional comprehensive planning, land planning, and spatial planning, it is common for Area
A in the upstream area to plan its water source in its upstream, while the
industrial area its downstream, which is followed suit by other areas B and
C. In this way, A’s industrial area becomes the upstream of B’s water source,
and B’s industrial area becomes the upstream of C’s water source, and so on
and so forth. This highlights the importance to strengthen the coordination
between departments, between localities, and between departments and localities. That’s why Xi attaches great importance to space control and advance
planning. The report to the 18th CPC National Congress calls for more efforts
in ecological conservation, and the first step is to “optimize the pattern of
land and space development.” The Decision of the CPC Central Committee
and the State Council on Several Major Issues Regarding Comprehensively
Deepening Reform stresses the importance of “establishing a spatial planning
system” and “defining the red line for ecological protection.” The Opinions of
the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating Ecological Progress specifically elaborates on “strengthening the positioning of main
functions and optimizing the development pattern of land and space.” The
Master Plan for Reform of the System for Developing an Ecological Civilization proposes the establishment of eight systems, two of which are about the
use of space, namely “a system for the development and protection of land and
space” and “a space planning system.” It is precisely under the guidance of
Xi Jinping’s important statements on the reform of the system for developing
an ecological civilization that China has gradually established the main function planning system, national park system, ecological red line system, and the
system of replacing multiple plans with a master plan.
2. The mechanism design for promoting ecological progress
In ecological conservation, there are areas where the government mechanism, market
mechanism, and/or social mechanism work, and where they fail, either individually
or collectively. For this reason, the mechanism design must take into account the
effective range of each mechanism on the one hand, and the checks and balances
between different mechanisms on the other. Xi Jinping attaches great importance to
the effective range of each mechanism.
(1) The government takes the initiative to take responsibility. At the National
Conference on Eco-environmental Protection, Xi Jinping emphasized that the
ecological environment is a major political issue concerning the Party’s mission