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Z. Ouyang
operationally. Third, once a beautiful countryside is built, it will restrain the environmental behaviors of urban tourists, and participatory tourism will change their
ideas, which will lead to profound impacts on urban environmental administration.
These three purposes, if achieved, will form the situation of “encircling cities from
the countryside” in building an ecological civilization. Government authorities may
change their strategic thinking, focus on the weak links and key contradictions, make
breakthroughs and push the overall situation forward. Great efforts should be made
to create favorable conditions for the healthy growth of the rural ecological community. This community should stick to three key points. First, it should establish right
ecological values and prevent the erosion by superstitious activities and control by
clan forces. Second, it should always prioritize ecological and comprehensive benefits over economic benefits and guard against actions or decisions for quick success
and profits. Last but not least, it should reform the artificial nature gradually and
appropriately and prevent copying the urban landscape and life in the countryside.
Party organizations and members should actively yet subtly play the guiding and
regulating role as a “control parameter.”
4 Conclusion
The difference in the development of ecological civilization between rural and urban
areas lies in the different effects of self-organization and heter-organization. Due
to the special conditions of the rural system, it is relatively easy to form a selforganized rural community of ecological interests through coordination under new
circumstances. Building a beautiful countryside with the community as a pillar will
help solve the traditional “Sannong” issue, address the environmental problems in
rural areas and give a strong impetus to ecological civilization in cities. In comparison with general discussions about “encircling cities from the countryside” regarding
the development of ecological civilization, this paper is a systematic analysis on the
theoretical level; in comparison with specialized studies of rural self-organization of
environmental protection, this paper eyes the big picture of urban and rural ecological civilization. The conclusions herein can serve as references for macro decision making in relevant sectors. How to form self-organization for urban ecological
civilization in this big picture is another topic for further study.
Z. Ouyang
operationally. Third, once a beautiful countryside is built, it will restrain the environmental behaviors of urban tourists, and participatory tourism will change their
ideas, which will lead to profound impacts on urban environmental administration.
These three purposes, if achieved, will form the situation of “encircling cities from
the countryside” in building an ecological civilization. Government authorities may
change their strategic thinking, focus on the weak links and key contradictions, make
breakthroughs and push the overall situation forward. Great efforts should be made
to create favorable conditions for the healthy growth of the rural ecological community. This community should stick to three key points. First, it should establish right
ecological values and prevent the erosion by superstitious activities and control by
clan forces. Second, it should always prioritize ecological and comprehensive benefits over economic benefits and guard against actions or decisions for quick success
and profits. Last but not least, it should reform the artificial nature gradually and
appropriately and prevent copying the urban landscape and life in the countryside.
Party organizations and members should actively yet subtly play the guiding and
regulating role as a “control parameter.”
4 Conclusion
The difference in the development of ecological civilization between rural and urban
areas lies in the different effects of self-organization and heter-organization. Due
to the special conditions of the rural system, it is relatively easy to form a selforganized rural community of ecological interests through coordination under new
circumstances. Building a beautiful countryside with the community as a pillar will
help solve the traditional “Sannong” issue, address the environmental problems in
rural areas and give a strong impetus to ecological civilization in cities. In comparison with general discussions about “encircling cities from the countryside” regarding
the development of ecological civilization, this paper is a systematic analysis on the
theoretical level; in comparison with specialized studies of rural self-organization of
environmental protection, this paper eyes the big picture of urban and rural ecological civilization. The conclusions herein can serve as references for macro decision making in relevant sectors. How to form self-organization for urban ecological
civilization in this big picture is another topic for further study.