530
S. Liu
development happens through mutual interactions.” In my opinion, these mutual
interactions include “integrated development,” a great thought initiated by General
Secretary Xi. According to Marxist views, integrated development is a basic or
even universal law of development, and the all-round advancement of ecological
civilization strategy in the new era has blazed a broad path for this law. On the
premise of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, the
various components and sectors of China’s socialist economy and society constitute
an indivisible entirety of interdependence, interaction and integration, driving orderly
development in general and the evolution of Chinese civilization. This is distinctly
reflected in the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the integrated development in all
five spheres, not only injecting new connotations into the ecological civilization
strategy, but also giving new guidance on its practices. To be specific, the development
of ecological civilization in the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan has to be integrated
with economic and social development. Moreover, it has also to be integrated with
development of the other four spheres. Ecological and green development should not
only liberate and develop productivity in a green way, but also adapt and coordinate
productivity with relations of production, and economic base with superstructure, so
the overall ecological system will develop in a green and integrated way.
5 New Vision and Measures of the Ecological Civilization
Strategy in the New Era
From the perspective of national development strategy, the development of ecological civilization in the new era involves a series of strategies in multiple domains,
such as economy, politics, culture and society. It is a massive strategic landscape
and measure. China is in a transition period from “becoming affluent” to “becoming
powerful.” It has the conditions and abilities to fundamentally resolve the ecological, environmental and resource dilemma, and the way it does that inevitably carries
features of the time involving integrated ecological and green development, namely
the green strategy and measures. In this sense, the strategic deployments to resolve
the dilemma in the new era can be called a new landscape or a new measure. The new
strategy encompasses rich contents with four focuses. First, resource conservation
and protection is the basic policy. As said before, China has limited resources with a
low utilization rate and regular shortage. Economizing on resources, raising their efficiency and promoting resource conservation and protection across the board is a top
priority in promoting ecological civilization. Second, the general environmental deterioration in China hasn’t been well controlled, and the discharge of main pollutants
is far more than the environment can bear. We must firmly grasp this basic reality as a
key to fully promote ecological civilization and go all out to win the critical battle of
environmental governance and protection. Third, ecological recovery, improvement
and protection will remain a strategic focus of building an ecological civilization for
S. Liu
development happens through mutual interactions.” In my opinion, these mutual
interactions include “integrated development,” a great thought initiated by General
Secretary Xi. According to Marxist views, integrated development is a basic or
even universal law of development, and the all-round advancement of ecological
civilization strategy in the new era has blazed a broad path for this law. On the
premise of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, the
various components and sectors of China’s socialist economy and society constitute
an indivisible entirety of interdependence, interaction and integration, driving orderly
development in general and the evolution of Chinese civilization. This is distinctly
reflected in the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the integrated development in all
five spheres, not only injecting new connotations into the ecological civilization
strategy, but also giving new guidance on its practices. To be specific, the development
of ecological civilization in the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan has to be integrated
with economic and social development. Moreover, it has also to be integrated with
development of the other four spheres. Ecological and green development should not
only liberate and develop productivity in a green way, but also adapt and coordinate
productivity with relations of production, and economic base with superstructure, so
the overall ecological system will develop in a green and integrated way.
5 New Vision and Measures of the Ecological Civilization
Strategy in the New Era
From the perspective of national development strategy, the development of ecological civilization in the new era involves a series of strategies in multiple domains,
such as economy, politics, culture and society. It is a massive strategic landscape
and measure. China is in a transition period from “becoming affluent” to “becoming
powerful.” It has the conditions and abilities to fundamentally resolve the ecological, environmental and resource dilemma, and the way it does that inevitably carries
features of the time involving integrated ecological and green development, namely
the green strategy and measures. In this sense, the strategic deployments to resolve
the dilemma in the new era can be called a new landscape or a new measure. The new
strategy encompasses rich contents with four focuses. First, resource conservation
and protection is the basic policy. As said before, China has limited resources with a
low utilization rate and regular shortage. Economizing on resources, raising their efficiency and promoting resource conservation and protection across the board is a top
priority in promoting ecological civilization. Second, the general environmental deterioration in China hasn’t been well controlled, and the discharge of main pollutants
is far more than the environment can bear. We must firmly grasp this basic reality as a
key to fully promote ecological civilization and go all out to win the critical battle of
environmental governance and protection. Third, ecological recovery, improvement
and protection will remain a strategic focus of building an ecological civilization for