39
malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress between 2030 and 2050 (National Health Portal
of India). In India, around 40 million people are affected by water-borne diseases
annually leading to a loss of 73 million workdays (Bush et al. 2011).The deaths in
India due to climate change is given in Table 2.5.
2.8 Environmental Policy and Legislation
2.8.1 The National Environment Policy
The National Environment Policy, 2006 is a response to the national commitment to
a clean environment as per Articles 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution, supported
by the judicial interpretation of Article 21. It is the outcome of extensive consultations with experts in different disciplines, Members of Parliament, Central
Ministries, State Governments, Industry Associations, Academic and Research
Institutions, NGOs, Civil Society and the Public. The policy envisages that while
the state must galvanize its efforts, there should also be recognition by each individual-natural or institutional, of its responsibility towards maintaining and enhancing
the quality of the environment. The objectives of the policy are as follows:
a. Conservation of Critical Environmental Resources
b. Intra-generational Equity: Livelihood Security for the Poor
c. Inter-generational Equity
d. Integration of Environmental Concerns in Economic and Social Development
e. Efficiency in Environmental Resource Use
f. Environmental Governance
g. Enhancement of Resources for Environmental Conservation
Table 2.5 Impact of climate change on Human health in India
Year
Acute diarrheal
diseases
Malaria
Acute respiratory
infection
Japanese
encephalitis
Viral hepatitis
Cases
Deaths Cases
Deaths Cases
Deaths Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
2005 8870507 2918
2031790 931
–
–
2593 556
153034 1038
2006 9289558 2787
2085484 1005
–
–
2061 479
149262 1147
2007 9441456 3475
1842019 973
-
–
1765 466
135859 914
2008 10510476 4709
1869403 1006
–
–
2568 707
151287 1006
2009 –
–
1915363 949
25571757 5223
1697 367
203939 1122
2010 –
–
1816569 963
–
–
6669 1682
–
–
2011 10079263 3124
1785129 1707
25807722 3467
2871 663
146433 673
2012 10993639 3603
1508927 1311
36171496 6948
4110 995
110055 544
2013 11408666 2865
1526210 1055
27451421 5321
3839 684
92291 536
2014 11224319 1762
1533169 1068
26544613 2813
4482 774
110586 586
Source: file:///D:/SSRN-id3071055.pdf, last accessed on 22-12-2019
2 Contemporary Environmental Issues – The Indian Perspective
malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress between 2030 and 2050 (National Health Portal
of India). In India, around 40 million people are affected by water-borne diseases
annually leading to a loss of 73 million workdays (Bush et al. 2011).The deaths in
India due to climate change is given in Table 2.5.
2.8 Environmental Policy and Legislation
2.8.1 The National Environment Policy
The National Environment Policy, 2006 is a response to the national commitment to
a clean environment as per Articles 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution, supported
by the judicial interpretation of Article 21. It is the outcome of extensive consultations with experts in different disciplines, Members of Parliament, Central
Ministries, State Governments, Industry Associations, Academic and Research
Institutions, NGOs, Civil Society and the Public. The policy envisages that while
the state must galvanize its efforts, there should also be recognition by each individual-natural or institutional, of its responsibility towards maintaining and enhancing
the quality of the environment. The objectives of the policy are as follows:
a. Conservation of Critical Environmental Resources
b. Intra-generational Equity: Livelihood Security for the Poor
c. Inter-generational Equity
d. Integration of Environmental Concerns in Economic and Social Development
e. Efficiency in Environmental Resource Use
f. Environmental Governance
g. Enhancement of Resources for Environmental Conservation
Table 2.5 Impact of climate change on Human health in India
Year
Acute diarrheal
diseases
Malaria
Acute respiratory
infection
Japanese
encephalitis
Viral hepatitis
Cases
Deaths Cases
Deaths Cases
Deaths Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
2005 8870507 2918
2031790 931
–
–
2593 556
153034 1038
2006 9289558 2787
2085484 1005
–
–
2061 479
149262 1147
2007 9441456 3475
1842019 973
-
–
1765 466
135859 914
2008 10510476 4709
1869403 1006
–
–
2568 707
151287 1006
2009 –
–
1915363 949
25571757 5223
1697 367
203939 1122
2010 –
–
1816569 963
–
–
6669 1682
–
–
2011 10079263 3124
1785129 1707
25807722 3467
2871 663
146433 673
2012 10993639 3603
1508927 1311
36171496 6948
4110 995
110055 544
2013 11408666 2865
1526210 1055
27451421 5321
3839 684
92291 536
2014 11224319 1762
1533169 1068
26544613 2813
4482 774
110586 586
Source: file:///D:/SSRN-id3071055.pdf, last accessed on 22-12-2019
2 Contemporary Environmental Issues – The Indian Perspective