129
households with high consumption aspirations is growing at a faster rate than the
overall population. Hence, adoption of sustainable energy use must be viewed as a
necessary and complementary means of controlling energy consumption in terms of
reducing CO 2 emissions. This should be followed by discussion of policy initiatives
in the household sector to enable significant changes in the use of energy in homes.
It is not easy to make changes in the energy consumption behavior of household
inhabitants; it is very difficult to change the mind-sets of people even when the
desired changes do not require them to compromise their comfort level to a large
extent. People whose lifestyle entails high energy consumption are reluctant to
make compromises in this regard, while those who do not consume much energy
aspire to be able to do so. The government should set an example and make sustainable energy consumption more viable through national strategies, planning, and
operating practices. The first and most important step is to make individuals aware
of the problem so they can recognize their responsibility for their own contribution
and voluntarily adjust their personal energy consumption.
References
Ahmad S, Baiocchi G, Creutzig F (2015) CO 2 emissions from direct energy use of urban households in India. Environmental Science & Technology 49 (19): 11312–11320. doi. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es505814g
Akpan GE, Akpan UF (2012) Electricity consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in
Nigeria. Int J Energy Econ Policy 2(4):292–306
BSI (2008) Publicly available specification 2050. Specification for the assessment of the life cycle
greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services, London: British Standards Institute
Carbon Trust (2007a) Carbon footprint measurement methodology, version 1.1. London: Carbon
Trust. https://semspub.epa.gov/work/09/1142519.pdf
Carbon Trust (2007b) Carbon footprinting. An introduction for organizations. London: Carbon
Trust. https://www.aquaculture.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Carbon-Footprinting.pdf
Census of India (2011) District census handbook: Kolkata. Registrar General of India,
New Delhi
DEDE (1995) Thailand energy statistics: estimated air pollutant emission by types of energy consumption. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok
DEDE (2000) Thailand energy statistics: estimated air pollutant emission by types of energy consumption. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok
DEFRA (2012) greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting. London: Department
of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2012greenhouse-gas-conversion-factors-for-company-reporting. (Accessed 25/08/2018)
DEFRA (2017) Act on CO 2 carbon calculator. London: Department of Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs. http://actonCO 2 .direct.gov.uk. Accessed 10 Dec 2017
Global Footprint Network (2007) Ecological footprint glossary. Global Footprint Network,
Oakland. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=glossary. Accessed 12
Feb 2018
IEA (2017) World energy outlook. International Energy Agency, Paris
Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment (2010) India: greenhouse gas emission 2007.
Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi
IPCC (1996) Revised IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Bracknell, IPCC/
OECD/IEA Secretariat, UK Meteorological Office
6 Assessment of the Carbon Footprint Across Urban Households in Kolkata
households with high consumption aspirations is growing at a faster rate than the
overall population. Hence, adoption of sustainable energy use must be viewed as a
necessary and complementary means of controlling energy consumption in terms of
reducing CO 2 emissions. This should be followed by discussion of policy initiatives
in the household sector to enable significant changes in the use of energy in homes.
It is not easy to make changes in the energy consumption behavior of household
inhabitants; it is very difficult to change the mind-sets of people even when the
desired changes do not require them to compromise their comfort level to a large
extent. People whose lifestyle entails high energy consumption are reluctant to
make compromises in this regard, while those who do not consume much energy
aspire to be able to do so. The government should set an example and make sustainable energy consumption more viable through national strategies, planning, and
operating practices. The first and most important step is to make individuals aware
of the problem so they can recognize their responsibility for their own contribution
and voluntarily adjust their personal energy consumption.
References
Ahmad S, Baiocchi G, Creutzig F (2015) CO 2 emissions from direct energy use of urban households in India. Environmental Science & Technology 49 (19): 11312–11320. doi. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es505814g
Akpan GE, Akpan UF (2012) Electricity consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in
Nigeria. Int J Energy Econ Policy 2(4):292–306
BSI (2008) Publicly available specification 2050. Specification for the assessment of the life cycle
greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services, London: British Standards Institute
Carbon Trust (2007a) Carbon footprint measurement methodology, version 1.1. London: Carbon
Trust. https://semspub.epa.gov/work/09/1142519.pdf
Carbon Trust (2007b) Carbon footprinting. An introduction for organizations. London: Carbon
Trust. https://www.aquaculture.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Carbon-Footprinting.pdf
Census of India (2011) District census handbook: Kolkata. Registrar General of India,
New Delhi
DEDE (1995) Thailand energy statistics: estimated air pollutant emission by types of energy consumption. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok
DEDE (2000) Thailand energy statistics: estimated air pollutant emission by types of energy consumption. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Bangkok
DEFRA (2012) greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting. London: Department
of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2012greenhouse-gas-conversion-factors-for-company-reporting. (Accessed 25/08/2018)
DEFRA (2017) Act on CO 2 carbon calculator. London: Department of Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs. http://actonCO 2 .direct.gov.uk. Accessed 10 Dec 2017
Global Footprint Network (2007) Ecological footprint glossary. Global Footprint Network,
Oakland. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=glossary. Accessed 12
Feb 2018
IEA (2017) World energy outlook. International Energy Agency, Paris
Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment (2010) India: greenhouse gas emission 2007.
Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi
IPCC (1996) Revised IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Bracknell, IPCC/
OECD/IEA Secretariat, UK Meteorological Office
6 Assessment of the Carbon Footprint Across Urban Households in Kolkata