127
y = 0.0001x + 0.0611
R² = 0.7634
r =0. 8737
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000
per capita carbon footprint (tCO
2 e)
Per capita income (Rs. / month)
Relatonship Between Per Capita Income
and Per Capita Carbon Footprint (tCO 2 e)
Fig. 6.4 Relationship
between per capita income
and per capita carbon
footprint (tCO 2 e)
Table 6.7 displays a correlation matrix of a number of variables tested with a
student’s t test. The per capita income is not the only determining factor of CO 2 e
emissions at the household level, which depend on the household per capita energy
consumption, household energy expenditure, per capita electricity consumption, literacy level, household air conditioner ownership, car ownership, washing machine
usage, etc., with a 95–99% level of significance. On the other hand, CO 2 e emissions
is highly negative with solar energy utilization.
6.4 Conclusion
From this study, we conclude that development occurs in a progressive manner and
per capita income households move up the income ladder. When households move
from lower income levels to higher ones, their total CO 2 emissions consequently
change, and higher-income households adopt a more energy-intensive standard of
living than before. In such cases, the total emissions increase as a result of an
increase in the household income, if the population remains constant. Our study
clearly suggests that with increased incomes and improved quality of life, the per
capita energy consumption and resultant emissions in the household sector in
Kolkata also increase, which is a matter of grave concern as far as energy security
and climate sustainability are concerned. This issue in general is of particular
importance in a city such as Kolkata, where the number of middle-income
6 Assessment of the Carbon Footprint Across Urban Households in Kolkata
y = 0.0001x + 0.0611
R² = 0.7634
r =0. 8737
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000
per capita carbon footprint (tCO
2 e)
Per capita income (Rs. / month)
Relatonship Between Per Capita Income
and Per Capita Carbon Footprint (tCO 2 e)
Fig. 6.4 Relationship
between per capita income
and per capita carbon
footprint (tCO 2 e)
Table 6.7 displays a correlation matrix of a number of variables tested with a
student’s t test. The per capita income is not the only determining factor of CO 2 e
emissions at the household level, which depend on the household per capita energy
consumption, household energy expenditure, per capita electricity consumption, literacy level, household air conditioner ownership, car ownership, washing machine
usage, etc., with a 95–99% level of significance. On the other hand, CO 2 e emissions
is highly negative with solar energy utilization.
6.4 Conclusion
From this study, we conclude that development occurs in a progressive manner and
per capita income households move up the income ladder. When households move
from lower income levels to higher ones, their total CO 2 emissions consequently
change, and higher-income households adopt a more energy-intensive standard of
living than before. In such cases, the total emissions increase as a result of an
increase in the household income, if the population remains constant. Our study
clearly suggests that with increased incomes and improved quality of life, the per
capita energy consumption and resultant emissions in the household sector in
Kolkata also increase, which is a matter of grave concern as far as energy security
and climate sustainability are concerned. This issue in general is of particular
importance in a city such as Kolkata, where the number of middle-income
6 Assessment of the Carbon Footprint Across Urban Households in Kolkata