21. Cynthia Johnston, ‘‘Egypt Asks Mobile Firms to Bar Anonymous Users,’’ Reuters, May 5, 2008,
http://ca.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idCAL056268520080505?sp=true.
22. Ibid.
23. Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, ‘‘Weekly Update for the Arabic Network
for Human Rights Information #192,’’ December 28, 2007, http://www.anhri.net/en/newsletter/
2008/newsletter1003.shtml.
24. Agence France Presse, ‘‘Cairo Court Rules to Block Porn Sites,’’ May 12, 2009, http://newsx
.com/story/52677.
25. Ibid.
26. Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, ‘‘Egypt: Increasing Curb over Internet Usage
Harassments against Net Cafe ´s Should Immediately End,’’ February 23, 2005, http://www.anhri
.net/en/reports/2005/pr0223.shtml.
27. Agence France Presse, ‘‘Egypt Demanding Data from Cyber Cafe ´s Users: NGO,’’ August 9,
2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hN_tktRSmeojLOOn65lVULB4lj8A.
28. Arab Press Network, ‘‘Rumors of a Facebook Block Persist in Egypt,’’ Menassat, August 29,
2008, http://www.menassat.com/?q=en/news-articles/4508-rumors-facebook-block-persist-egypt.
29. Noam Cohen, ‘‘In Egypt, a Thirst for Technology and Progress,’’ New York Times, July 21,
2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/21/business/media/21link.html.
30. Arab Press Network, ‘‘Rumors of a Facebook Block Persist in Egypt,’’ Menassat, August 29,
2008, http://www.menassat.com/?q=en/news-articles/4508-rumors-facebook-block-persist-egypt.
31. Ibid.
32. Reporters Without Borders, ‘‘Egypt: Annual Report 2008,’’ 2008, http://arabia.reporters-sans
-frontieres.org/article.php3?id_article=25429.
33. OpenNet Initiative Blog, ‘‘Can They Hear Me Now? (On ICT Regulations, Governments, and
Transparency),’’ February 24, 2009, http://opennet.net/blog/2009/02/can-they-hear-me-now-onict-regulations-governments-and-transparency.
34. Mohammed al-Mutasem, ‘‘Naeb parlamani yutalib bimuhasabat wazir alittisalat’’ [A parliament
member calls for holding Minister of Telecommunication responsible], al-Arabiya.net, December
29, 2008, http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/12/29/63061.html.
35. National Telecom Regulatory Authority, Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law, Law
No. 10 of 2003, Article 64, http://www.tra.gov.eg/uploads/law/law_en.pdf.
36. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘False Freedom: Online Censorship in the Middle East and North
Africa: Egypt,’’ November 2005, http://hrw.org/reports/2005/mena1105/4.htm.
37. See Family Internet service provided by TE Data, http://www.familyinternet.net/Default.aspx
?SecId=1.
544
Egypt
http://ca.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idCAL056268520080505?sp=true.
22. Ibid.
23. Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, ‘‘Weekly Update for the Arabic Network
for Human Rights Information #192,’’ December 28, 2007, http://www.anhri.net/en/newsletter/
2008/newsletter1003.shtml.
24. Agence France Presse, ‘‘Cairo Court Rules to Block Porn Sites,’’ May 12, 2009, http://newsx
.com/story/52677.
25. Ibid.
26. Arabic Network for Human Rights Information, ‘‘Egypt: Increasing Curb over Internet Usage
Harassments against Net Cafe ´s Should Immediately End,’’ February 23, 2005, http://www.anhri
.net/en/reports/2005/pr0223.shtml.
27. Agence France Presse, ‘‘Egypt Demanding Data from Cyber Cafe ´s Users: NGO,’’ August 9,
2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hN_tktRSmeojLOOn65lVULB4lj8A.
28. Arab Press Network, ‘‘Rumors of a Facebook Block Persist in Egypt,’’ Menassat, August 29,
2008, http://www.menassat.com/?q=en/news-articles/4508-rumors-facebook-block-persist-egypt.
29. Noam Cohen, ‘‘In Egypt, a Thirst for Technology and Progress,’’ New York Times, July 21,
2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/21/business/media/21link.html.
30. Arab Press Network, ‘‘Rumors of a Facebook Block Persist in Egypt,’’ Menassat, August 29,
2008, http://www.menassat.com/?q=en/news-articles/4508-rumors-facebook-block-persist-egypt.
31. Ibid.
32. Reporters Without Borders, ‘‘Egypt: Annual Report 2008,’’ 2008, http://arabia.reporters-sans
-frontieres.org/article.php3?id_article=25429.
33. OpenNet Initiative Blog, ‘‘Can They Hear Me Now? (On ICT Regulations, Governments, and
Transparency),’’ February 24, 2009, http://opennet.net/blog/2009/02/can-they-hear-me-now-onict-regulations-governments-and-transparency.
34. Mohammed al-Mutasem, ‘‘Naeb parlamani yutalib bimuhasabat wazir alittisalat’’ [A parliament
member calls for holding Minister of Telecommunication responsible], al-Arabiya.net, December
29, 2008, http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/12/29/63061.html.
35. National Telecom Regulatory Authority, Egypt Telecommunication Regulation Law, Law
No. 10 of 2003, Article 64, http://www.tra.gov.eg/uploads/law/law_en.pdf.
36. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘False Freedom: Online Censorship in the Middle East and North
Africa: Egypt,’’ November 2005, http://hrw.org/reports/2005/mena1105/4.htm.
37. See Family Internet service provided by TE Data, http://www.familyinternet.net/Default.aspx
?SecId=1.
544
Egypt