67. The Irrawaddy, ‘‘Popular Burmese Blogger’s Jail Term Reduced,’’ February 20, 2009, http://
www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=15160.
68. Khin Hninn Phyu, ‘‘Myanmar Times via BBC: Burma Enforces Licensing of Internet Cafe ´s,’’
Myanmar Times, March 20, 2006, http://www.burmanet.org/news/2006/03/31/myanmar-times
-via-bbc-burma-enforces-licensing-of-internet-cafes/.
69. Violet Cho, ‘‘Burma to Enforce Licensing for All Internet Cafes,’’ The Irrawaddy, March 14,
2008.
70. OpenNet Initiative Blog, ‘‘Burmese Regulations for Cybercafe ´s Stringent as Expected,’’ July 2,
2008, http://opennet.net/blog/2008/07/burmese-regulations-cybercafes-stringent-expected.
71. Ibid.
72. Daniel Pepper, ‘‘Aftermath of a Revolt: Myanmar’s Lost Year,’’ New York Times, October
4, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/weekinreview/05pepper.html?scp=2&sq=myanmar
saffron revolution&st=cse.
73. Tyler Chapman, ‘‘In Burma, Fear and Suspicion Prevail,’’ Radio Free Asia, April 19, 2009,
http://www.rfa.org/english/blog/burma_diary/rangoon-04172009150342.html.
74. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Crackdown: Repression of the 2007 Popular Protests in Burma,’’ December 2007, 8, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma1207web.pdf.
75. Ibid., 106.
76. Ibid.
77. Ibid.
78. Brian McCartan, ‘‘Myanmar on the Cyber-Offensive,’’ Asia Times, October 1, 2008, http://
www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JJ01Ae01.html.
79. Ibid.
80. OpenNet Initiative Blog, ‘‘Burmese Regulations for Cybercafe ´s Stringent As Expected,’’ July 2,
2008, http://opennet.net/blog/2008/07/burmese-regulations-cybercafes-stringent-expected.
81. MTalk Search Engine, http://www.mtalk.net.mm/.
82. Interview with IT professional in Burma, May 2009.
83. OpenNet Initiative Bulletin, ‘‘Pulling the Plug: A Technical Review of the Internet Shutdown
in Burma,’’ November 2007, http://opennet.net/research/bulletins/013/.
84. Ibid.; U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, ‘‘2008 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Burma,’’ February 25, 2009, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/
hrrpt/2008/eap/119035.htm.
85. Saw Yan Naing, ‘‘Young Burmese Blogger Sentenced to More Than 20 Years in Jail,’’ The
Irrawaddy, November 10, 2008, http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14604.
Burma
447
www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=15160.
68. Khin Hninn Phyu, ‘‘Myanmar Times via BBC: Burma Enforces Licensing of Internet Cafe ´s,’’
Myanmar Times, March 20, 2006, http://www.burmanet.org/news/2006/03/31/myanmar-times
-via-bbc-burma-enforces-licensing-of-internet-cafes/.
69. Violet Cho, ‘‘Burma to Enforce Licensing for All Internet Cafes,’’ The Irrawaddy, March 14,
2008.
70. OpenNet Initiative Blog, ‘‘Burmese Regulations for Cybercafe ´s Stringent as Expected,’’ July 2,
2008, http://opennet.net/blog/2008/07/burmese-regulations-cybercafes-stringent-expected.
71. Ibid.
72. Daniel Pepper, ‘‘Aftermath of a Revolt: Myanmar’s Lost Year,’’ New York Times, October
4, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/weekinreview/05pepper.html?scp=2&sq=myanmar
saffron revolution&st=cse.
73. Tyler Chapman, ‘‘In Burma, Fear and Suspicion Prevail,’’ Radio Free Asia, April 19, 2009,
http://www.rfa.org/english/blog/burma_diary/rangoon-04172009150342.html.
74. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Crackdown: Repression of the 2007 Popular Protests in Burma,’’ December 2007, 8, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma1207web.pdf.
75. Ibid., 106.
76. Ibid.
77. Ibid.
78. Brian McCartan, ‘‘Myanmar on the Cyber-Offensive,’’ Asia Times, October 1, 2008, http://
www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JJ01Ae01.html.
79. Ibid.
80. OpenNet Initiative Blog, ‘‘Burmese Regulations for Cybercafe ´s Stringent As Expected,’’ July 2,
2008, http://opennet.net/blog/2008/07/burmese-regulations-cybercafes-stringent-expected.
81. MTalk Search Engine, http://www.mtalk.net.mm/.
82. Interview with IT professional in Burma, May 2009.
83. OpenNet Initiative Bulletin, ‘‘Pulling the Plug: A Technical Review of the Internet Shutdown
in Burma,’’ November 2007, http://opennet.net/research/bulletins/013/.
84. Ibid.; U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, ‘‘2008 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Burma,’’ February 25, 2009, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/
hrrpt/2008/eap/119035.htm.
85. Saw Yan Naing, ‘‘Young Burmese Blogger Sentenced to More Than 20 Years in Jail,’’ The
Irrawaddy, November 10, 2008, http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=14604.
Burma
447