cultural and political phenomena spilling over to the region, and maybe globally too.
Already, ‘‘Pirate Parties’’ have formed or are in the process of being established in 22
other countries. 78 Certainly, the outcome of the legal battles regarding copyright, surveillance, and filtering in the Nordic countries should not be considered as without
bearing on the wider region in the near future.
Notes
1. World Economic Forum, ‘‘The Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009,’’
March 2009, http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%20Information%20Technology
%20Report/GlobalInformationTechnology.
2. INSEAD, ‘‘Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009’’ (interactive version), http://
www.insead.edu/v1/gitr/wef/main/home.cfm.
3. OECD Broadband Portal, http://www.oecd.org/sti/ict/broadband.
4. Norwegian Mission to the EU, http://www.eu-norway.org/eu/norway+and+the+eu.htm; Wikipedia on the relationship between Norway and the EU, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway
_and_the_European_Union.
5. Wikipedia on the relationship between Iceland and the EU, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Iceland_and_the_European_Union.
6. Per Laegreid, Runolfur Smari Steinthorsson, and Baldur Thorhallsson, ‘‘Europeanization of
Central Government Administration in the Nordic States,’’ Journal of Common Market Studies,
Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 347–369, June 2004, http://ssrn.com/abstract=546906.
7. Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the
enforcement of intellectual property rights, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/pri/en/oj/dat/2004/l_195/
l_19520040602en00160025.pdf; Amended proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament
and of the Council on criminal measures aimed at ensuring the enforcement of intellectual
property rights, COM/2006/0168 final—COD 2005/0127, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/
LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0168:FIN:EN:HTML; Wikipedia on IPRED, Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_the_enforcement
_of_intellectual_property_rights.
8. Detailed Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) documentation of the IPRED2
proposals, http://action.ffii.org/ipred2/#head-35c9f9ab741815ee371ba8a5f6fe95ad3a17b7a3.
9. Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure, ‘‘EU Council Deliberately Obstructs Access to
ACTA Documents,’’ January 13, 2009, http://press.ffii.org/Press_releases/EU_Council_deliberately
_obstructs_access_to_ACTA_documents?highlight=(ACTA).
10. Ante Wessel, analyst for FFII, in conversation with author, June 4, 2009.
11. BBC News, ‘‘Piracy Law Cuts Internet Traffic,’’ April 2, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
technology/7978853.stm.
Nordic Countries
335
Already, ‘‘Pirate Parties’’ have formed or are in the process of being established in 22
other countries. 78 Certainly, the outcome of the legal battles regarding copyright, surveillance, and filtering in the Nordic countries should not be considered as without
bearing on the wider region in the near future.
Notes
1. World Economic Forum, ‘‘The Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009,’’
March 2009, http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/Global%20Information%20Technology
%20Report/GlobalInformationTechnology.
2. INSEAD, ‘‘Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009’’ (interactive version), http://
www.insead.edu/v1/gitr/wef/main/home.cfm.
3. OECD Broadband Portal, http://www.oecd.org/sti/ict/broadband.
4. Norwegian Mission to the EU, http://www.eu-norway.org/eu/norway+and+the+eu.htm; Wikipedia on the relationship between Norway and the EU, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway
_and_the_European_Union.
5. Wikipedia on the relationship between Iceland and the EU, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Iceland_and_the_European_Union.
6. Per Laegreid, Runolfur Smari Steinthorsson, and Baldur Thorhallsson, ‘‘Europeanization of
Central Government Administration in the Nordic States,’’ Journal of Common Market Studies,
Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 347–369, June 2004, http://ssrn.com/abstract=546906.
7. Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the
enforcement of intellectual property rights, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/pri/en/oj/dat/2004/l_195/
l_19520040602en00160025.pdf; Amended proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament
and of the Council on criminal measures aimed at ensuring the enforcement of intellectual
property rights, COM/2006/0168 final—COD 2005/0127, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/
LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0168:FIN:EN:HTML; Wikipedia on IPRED, Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_the_enforcement
_of_intellectual_property_rights.
8. Detailed Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) documentation of the IPRED2
proposals, http://action.ffii.org/ipred2/#head-35c9f9ab741815ee371ba8a5f6fe95ad3a17b7a3.
9. Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure, ‘‘EU Council Deliberately Obstructs Access to
ACTA Documents,’’ January 13, 2009, http://press.ffii.org/Press_releases/EU_Council_deliberately
_obstructs_access_to_ACTA_documents?highlight=(ACTA).
10. Ante Wessel, analyst for FFII, in conversation with author, June 4, 2009.
11. BBC News, ‘‘Piracy Law Cuts Internet Traffic,’’ April 2, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
technology/7978853.stm.
Nordic Countries
335