52. In August 2005, the Ukrainian Government introduced restrictions on unsolicited electronic
communications, using Article 33 (‘‘Responsibilities of users of telecommunications services’’) of
the 2003 Law on Communications as their legal basis. The rules include obligations for consumers
to be able to ‘‘opt out’’ of receiving messages, a prohibition of the falsification of network information, and obligations regarding the provision of a functioning e-mail address and the name of the
sender.
53. Lesya Potapenko, ‘‘Copyright Attacks, Part II,’’ Ukrainska Pravda, May 4, 2007, http://
www.pravda.com.ua/en/news/2007/5/4/7658.htm.
54. The agency was established by the Law of February 23, 2006, No. 3475-IV. For excerpts of the
law translated into English, see Yaroslav the Wise Institute of Legal Information, ‘‘The Law of
Ukraine: On the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of
Ukraine.’’
55. ‘‘Prava Lyudey v Ukraine—2006. V. Pravo na Privatnost’’ [Human Rights in Ukraine in 2006.
V. Privacy Rights], http://www.khpg.org/index.php?id=1186147137.
56. Marina Pekarchuk, ‘‘Brigadir Domennogo Tsekha’’ [Head of the Domain Shop], Vlast Deneg,
February 2009, http://www.vd.net.ua/rubrics-10/13538/.
57. ‘‘Prava lyudey v Ukraine—2007. V. Pravo na privatnost.’’
58. Information about court hearings on law enforcement investigating by wiretapping. See
www.khpg.org/index.php?id=1241091796.
59. Reverse filtering occurs on the Web server hosting the content, as opposed to at a point along
the way of the traffic flow, and is based on restricting requests based on geographical location of
the originating Internet Protocol address. Copyright holders who want to restrict access to their
content in certain markets often use reverse filtering. Examples include hulu.com, BBC.com, and
other sites that syndicate commercial video and audio content that is subject to licensing. The
ONI has detected that many U.S. military sites are inaccessible outside the United States. We
strongly suspect that this may be as a result of reverse filtering.
Ukraine
263
communications, using Article 33 (‘‘Responsibilities of users of telecommunications services’’) of
the 2003 Law on Communications as their legal basis. The rules include obligations for consumers
to be able to ‘‘opt out’’ of receiving messages, a prohibition of the falsification of network information, and obligations regarding the provision of a functioning e-mail address and the name of the
sender.
53. Lesya Potapenko, ‘‘Copyright Attacks, Part II,’’ Ukrainska Pravda, May 4, 2007, http://
www.pravda.com.ua/en/news/2007/5/4/7658.htm.
54. The agency was established by the Law of February 23, 2006, No. 3475-IV. For excerpts of the
law translated into English, see Yaroslav the Wise Institute of Legal Information, ‘‘The Law of
Ukraine: On the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of
Ukraine.’’
55. ‘‘Prava Lyudey v Ukraine—2006. V. Pravo na Privatnost’’ [Human Rights in Ukraine in 2006.
V. Privacy Rights], http://www.khpg.org/index.php?id=1186147137.
56. Marina Pekarchuk, ‘‘Brigadir Domennogo Tsekha’’ [Head of the Domain Shop], Vlast Deneg,
February 2009, http://www.vd.net.ua/rubrics-10/13538/.
57. ‘‘Prava lyudey v Ukraine—2007. V. Pravo na privatnost.’’
58. Information about court hearings on law enforcement investigating by wiretapping. See
www.khpg.org/index.php?id=1241091796.
59. Reverse filtering occurs on the Web server hosting the content, as opposed to at a point along
the way of the traffic flow, and is based on restricting requests based on geographical location of
the originating Internet Protocol address. Copyright holders who want to restrict access to their
content in certain markets often use reverse filtering. Examples include hulu.com, BBC.com, and
other sites that syndicate commercial video and audio content that is subject to licensing. The
ONI has detected that many U.S. military sites are inaccessible outside the United States. We
strongly suspect that this may be as a result of reverse filtering.
Ukraine
263