The Citizen Lab would like to thank Laird Brown, Francois Cadieux, Sarah Boland,
Jessica Daggers, Jakub Dalek, Sahar Golshan, Robert Guerra, Gus Hosein, Michael
Hull, Dylan Jones, Andrej Karpathy, Elana Koren, Lucinda Li, Daniel Lister, Jamie Liu,
Rebecca Mackinnon, Margaret McKone, Kay Nguyen, David Naylor, Palantir Technologies, Psiphon, Inc., Wilhelmina Peter, Janice Stein, James Tay, Jeremy Vernon, Nart
Villeneuve, and Greg Walton.
The Berkman Center would like to thank Nagib AlHadi, Renata Avila, Catherine
Bracy, Andrea Calderaro, Rafik Dammak, J. C. DeMartin, Zsuzsa Detreko ˝i, Alexey Dolinskiy, Eric Fish, Charles Frentz, Effi Fuks, Urs Gasser, Joshua Goldstein, Cicek Gurkan,
Sanjana Hattotuwa, Eric Johnson, Ismael Kahtan, Mohamed Keita, Colin Maclay,
Ladan Mahabadi, Persephone Miel, Katitza Rodriguez Pereda, Elfine Peterson, Daniel
Rosenberg, Anas Qtiesh, Amin Sabeti, Zinta Saulkalns, Gbenga Sesan, Chris Soghoian,
Firuzeh Shookoh Valle, Kanupriya Tehawari, Shiham Thabreez, Kate von Achen, Sally
Walkerman, Seth Young, Ethan Zuckerman, Yushu Zhou.
The SecDev Group would like to thank the Eurasia i-Policy Network who carried out
the primary field research and technical testing in the CIS, and who prepared country
situation reports upon which the country profiles in this volume are based: Emin
Akhundov (Azerbaijan), Asmudin Atoev (Tajikstan), Galiya Baltina (Kazakhstan),
Aleksandra Belyaeva (Citizen’s Initiative for Internet Policy – Russia), Vadim Dryganov
(Belarus), Movses Hakobyan (Internews Centre for Law and Policy – Armenia), Parvina
Ibodova (Tajikistan), Igor Kozachkov (technical contributor – Ukraine), Nino KuntsevaGabashvili (Business Intelligence and Valuation Group (BVG), Ltd – Georgia), Aleksei
Marchuk (Informational Policy Institute – Russia), Andrei Marusov (Ukraine), Pervin
Pavel, (‘‘Microtest’’, technical contributor – Russia), Andrei Pazuk (Ukraine), and Zviad
Sulaberidze (Georgia).
The ONI is very grateful for financial support from the following institutions: The
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The International Development
Research Centre (Canada), and the Donner Canada Foundation.
Production of this volume was made possible through the generous support of the
Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe.
The ONI would like to especially acknowledge numerous researchers and contributors to our research and other activities who have chosen to remain anonymous. We
dedicate this volume to their courage.
xii
Acknowledgments
Jessica Daggers, Jakub Dalek, Sahar Golshan, Robert Guerra, Gus Hosein, Michael
Hull, Dylan Jones, Andrej Karpathy, Elana Koren, Lucinda Li, Daniel Lister, Jamie Liu,
Rebecca Mackinnon, Margaret McKone, Kay Nguyen, David Naylor, Palantir Technologies, Psiphon, Inc., Wilhelmina Peter, Janice Stein, James Tay, Jeremy Vernon, Nart
Villeneuve, and Greg Walton.
The Berkman Center would like to thank Nagib AlHadi, Renata Avila, Catherine
Bracy, Andrea Calderaro, Rafik Dammak, J. C. DeMartin, Zsuzsa Detreko ˝i, Alexey Dolinskiy, Eric Fish, Charles Frentz, Effi Fuks, Urs Gasser, Joshua Goldstein, Cicek Gurkan,
Sanjana Hattotuwa, Eric Johnson, Ismael Kahtan, Mohamed Keita, Colin Maclay,
Ladan Mahabadi, Persephone Miel, Katitza Rodriguez Pereda, Elfine Peterson, Daniel
Rosenberg, Anas Qtiesh, Amin Sabeti, Zinta Saulkalns, Gbenga Sesan, Chris Soghoian,
Firuzeh Shookoh Valle, Kanupriya Tehawari, Shiham Thabreez, Kate von Achen, Sally
Walkerman, Seth Young, Ethan Zuckerman, Yushu Zhou.
The SecDev Group would like to thank the Eurasia i-Policy Network who carried out
the primary field research and technical testing in the CIS, and who prepared country
situation reports upon which the country profiles in this volume are based: Emin
Akhundov (Azerbaijan), Asmudin Atoev (Tajikstan), Galiya Baltina (Kazakhstan),
Aleksandra Belyaeva (Citizen’s Initiative for Internet Policy – Russia), Vadim Dryganov
(Belarus), Movses Hakobyan (Internews Centre for Law and Policy – Armenia), Parvina
Ibodova (Tajikistan), Igor Kozachkov (technical contributor – Ukraine), Nino KuntsevaGabashvili (Business Intelligence and Valuation Group (BVG), Ltd – Georgia), Aleksei
Marchuk (Informational Policy Institute – Russia), Andrei Marusov (Ukraine), Pervin
Pavel, (‘‘Microtest’’, technical contributor – Russia), Andrei Pazuk (Ukraine), and Zviad
Sulaberidze (Georgia).
The ONI is very grateful for financial support from the following institutions: The
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The International Development
Research Centre (Canada), and the Donner Canada Foundation.
Production of this volume was made possible through the generous support of the
Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe.
The ONI would like to especially acknowledge numerous researchers and contributors to our research and other activities who have chosen to remain anonymous. We
dedicate this volume to their courage.
xii
Acknowledgments