each actor has a clear and precise role in what can be seen as the coherent system of
the international law of the sea.
In light of recently announced exploratory activities for hydrocarbon development off the outer continental shelves of Canada and Norway, it is to be expected
that exploitation on areas beyond 200 nm will soon follow suit. Oil prices are again
on a surge, from a bottom low in July 2017, and states increasingly consume
hydrocarbons to keep their respective economies running. In such a scenario, there
is a need to clarify the interactions between different regimes of neighboring and
overlapping maritime areas, namely continental shelf beyond 200 nm, the high seas
and the Area. In addition to that, lawyers are required to identify the exact jurisdiction of the coastal state over the continental shelf, with a focus on the environmental
jurisdiction, and the implications of the delineation of the outer limits of the
continental shelf to that environmental jurisdiction.
References
Armas-Pfirter F (2010) Submissions on the outer limit of the continental shelf: practice to date and
some issues of debate. In: Vidas D (ed) Law, technology and science for the oceans in
globalization. Nijhoff, Leiden, pp 477–498
Brown ED (1971) The legal regime of hydrospace. Steven & Sons, London
Busch JM (1993) Oceanopolítica: una alternativa para el desarrollo. Andres Bello Editorial,
Santiago
Carrera G (2017) 20 Years of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: achievements,
challenges and way ahead. Keynote Speech presented at the Open Event of the International
Foundation for the Law of the Sea (IFLOS), Hamburg, 4 August, 2017
CCSM (2013) Amazônia azul: última fronteira. Centro de Comunicação Social da Marinha, Brasília
Churchill R (2016) The exercise of coastal state rights on the outer continental shelf pending
establishment of its outer limit. In: Law of the sea: UNCLOS as a living treaty. BIICL, London,
pp 137–163
Churchill R, Lowe V (1999) The law of the sea. Manchester University Press, Manchester
D’Aspremont J (2015) If international judges say so, it must be true: empiricism or fetishism? Eur J
Int Law Talk 4(9):1–6
Donoghue D (2012) Statement of the US Chamber of Commerce. US Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. 28 June 2012
Ford CA (1994) Judicial discretion in international jurisprudence: Art. 38(1)(c) and general
principles of law. Duke J Comp Int Law 5:35–86
Galindo GRB (2014) Hersch Lauterpacht. In: A formação da ciência do Direito Internacional.
Unijuí, Ijuí, pp 387–425
Gautier P (2014) The settlement of disputes. In: Attard D (ed) The IMLI manual of international
maritime law, vol I. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 533–576
Gena K (2013) Deep sea mining of submarine hydrothermal deposits and its possible environmental
impact in Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Proc Earth Planet Sci 6:226–233
Golitsyn V (2009) Continental shelf claims in the arctic ocean: a commentary. Int J Mar Coast Law
24:401–408
Hedberg HD (1972) National-International jurisdictional boundary on the ocean floor. Law of the
Sea Institute, University of Rhode Island, Occasional Paper no. 16, Kingston, Rhode Island
Horta PA et al (2016) Rhodoliths in Brazil: current knowledge and potential impacts of climate
change. Braz J Oceanogr 64(2):117–136
References
81
the international law of the sea.
In light of recently announced exploratory activities for hydrocarbon development off the outer continental shelves of Canada and Norway, it is to be expected
that exploitation on areas beyond 200 nm will soon follow suit. Oil prices are again
on a surge, from a bottom low in July 2017, and states increasingly consume
hydrocarbons to keep their respective economies running. In such a scenario, there
is a need to clarify the interactions between different regimes of neighboring and
overlapping maritime areas, namely continental shelf beyond 200 nm, the high seas
and the Area. In addition to that, lawyers are required to identify the exact jurisdiction of the coastal state over the continental shelf, with a focus on the environmental
jurisdiction, and the implications of the delineation of the outer limits of the
continental shelf to that environmental jurisdiction.
References
Armas-Pfirter F (2010) Submissions on the outer limit of the continental shelf: practice to date and
some issues of debate. In: Vidas D (ed) Law, technology and science for the oceans in
globalization. Nijhoff, Leiden, pp 477–498
Brown ED (1971) The legal regime of hydrospace. Steven & Sons, London
Busch JM (1993) Oceanopolítica: una alternativa para el desarrollo. Andres Bello Editorial,
Santiago
Carrera G (2017) 20 Years of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: achievements,
challenges and way ahead. Keynote Speech presented at the Open Event of the International
Foundation for the Law of the Sea (IFLOS), Hamburg, 4 August, 2017
CCSM (2013) Amazônia azul: última fronteira. Centro de Comunicação Social da Marinha, Brasília
Churchill R (2016) The exercise of coastal state rights on the outer continental shelf pending
establishment of its outer limit. In: Law of the sea: UNCLOS as a living treaty. BIICL, London,
pp 137–163
Churchill R, Lowe V (1999) The law of the sea. Manchester University Press, Manchester
D’Aspremont J (2015) If international judges say so, it must be true: empiricism or fetishism? Eur J
Int Law Talk 4(9):1–6
Donoghue D (2012) Statement of the US Chamber of Commerce. US Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. 28 June 2012
Ford CA (1994) Judicial discretion in international jurisprudence: Art. 38(1)(c) and general
principles of law. Duke J Comp Int Law 5:35–86
Galindo GRB (2014) Hersch Lauterpacht. In: A formação da ciência do Direito Internacional.
Unijuí, Ijuí, pp 387–425
Gautier P (2014) The settlement of disputes. In: Attard D (ed) The IMLI manual of international
maritime law, vol I. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 533–576
Gena K (2013) Deep sea mining of submarine hydrothermal deposits and its possible environmental
impact in Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Proc Earth Planet Sci 6:226–233
Golitsyn V (2009) Continental shelf claims in the arctic ocean: a commentary. Int J Mar Coast Law
24:401–408
Hedberg HD (1972) National-International jurisdictional boundary on the ocean floor. Law of the
Sea Institute, University of Rhode Island, Occasional Paper no. 16, Kingston, Rhode Island
Horta PA et al (2016) Rhodoliths in Brazil: current knowledge and potential impacts of climate
change. Braz J Oceanogr 64(2):117–136
References
81