3.3
Delineating: The Commission on the Limits of the Continental
Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.3.1
Challenges to the Work of the Commission . . . . . . . . . 59
3.3.2
The Commission’s Arduous Way Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3.2.1
Interpreting the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3.2.2
Composition and Integrity of CLCS
Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.2.3
Transparency and Confidentiality:
A Classical Trade-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.4
Delimiting and Delineating: The International Tribunal
for the Law of the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.4.1
Maritime Delimitation of Continental Shelves
Beyond 200 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.4.2
Delineation: Compulsory Judicial Accountability
of the Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.5
Benefits of Delineating the Outer Limits of the Continental
Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.6
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4
Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in the Law of the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.1
Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in International Law . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.2
From Sovereignty to Jurisdiction in International Law: Bases
of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.2.1
Forms of Jurisdiction: Prescriptive, of Enforcement
and Adjudicative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.2.2
Content of Jurisdiction: Civil, Criminal and
Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3
From Sovereignty to Progressive Jurisdiction in the New Law
of the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.3.1
Coastal State Sovereignty in the Territorial Sea . . . . . . 99
4.3.2
States’ Authority in the Area: Limitations Imposed
by the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle . . . . . . 101
4.3.3
Progressive and Functional Jurisdiction in the
Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf . . . . . 103
4.4
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5
Jurisdictional Intersections Between the Continental Shelf
and Other Maritime Spaces: Exclusive Economic Zone,
High Seas and the Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.1
The Continental Shelf and the EEZ: Parallelism
and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.2
The Continental Shelf and the High Seas: The Superjacent
Waters of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
viii
Contents
Delineating: The Commission on the Limits of the Continental
Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.3.1
Challenges to the Work of the Commission . . . . . . . . . 59
3.3.2
The Commission’s Arduous Way Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3.2.1
Interpreting the Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3.2.2
Composition and Integrity of CLCS
Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.2.3
Transparency and Confidentiality:
A Classical Trade-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.4
Delimiting and Delineating: The International Tribunal
for the Law of the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.4.1
Maritime Delimitation of Continental Shelves
Beyond 200 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.4.2
Delineation: Compulsory Judicial Accountability
of the Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.5
Benefits of Delineating the Outer Limits of the Continental
Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.6
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4
Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in the Law of the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.1
Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in International Law . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.2
From Sovereignty to Jurisdiction in International Law: Bases
of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.2.1
Forms of Jurisdiction: Prescriptive, of Enforcement
and Adjudicative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4.2.2
Content of Jurisdiction: Civil, Criminal and
Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3
From Sovereignty to Progressive Jurisdiction in the New Law
of the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.3.1
Coastal State Sovereignty in the Territorial Sea . . . . . . 99
4.3.2
States’ Authority in the Area: Limitations Imposed
by the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle . . . . . . 101
4.3.3
Progressive and Functional Jurisdiction in the
Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf . . . . . 103
4.4
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5
Jurisdictional Intersections Between the Continental Shelf
and Other Maritime Spaces: Exclusive Economic Zone,
High Seas and the Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.1
The Continental Shelf and the EEZ: Parallelism
and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.2
The Continental Shelf and the High Seas: The Superjacent
Waters of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 nm . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
viii
Contents