7.2.2
Environmental Jurisdiction on the Continental
Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
7.2.3
The Right-Duty to Manage the Continental Shelf . . . . . 208
7.3
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
8
Material Extent of Coastal States’ Environmental Jurisdiction
on the Continental Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
8.1
Environmental Jurisdiction to Prescribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
8.1.1
First Dimension: Conservation of Marine Living
Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
8.1.1.1
Environmental Jurisdiction Over Genetic
Resources of the Outer Continental Shelf . . . 227
8.1.1.2
Genetic Resources in Areas Beyond National
Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
8.1.2
Second Dimension: Prevention, Reduction and
Control of Marine Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
8.2
Environmental Jurisdiction to Enforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
8.3
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
9
The Environmental Dimension of the “Brazilian Blue Amazon”:
Environmental Rights and Duties on the Continental Shelf . . . . . . . 247
9.1
Marine Environmental Governance in Brazil: Policies and
Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
9.1.1
National Marine Environmental Policies at the Federal
Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
9.1.2
Core Institutional Actors at the Federal Level . . . . . . . . 262
9.1.3
The Struggle for Coherence in Domestic Ocean
Policy-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
9.2
The Brazilian Extended Continental Shelf: A Larger Blue
Amazon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
9.2.1
The Brazilian Continental Shelf Survey Plan: LEPLAC 271
9.2.2
Status of the Brazilian Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
9.2.3
The Brazilian Blue Amazon: A Political Concept with
Legal Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
9.2.3.1
Sovereignty and Defense Dimension . . . . . . 281
9.2.3.2
Economic Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
9.2.3.3
Scientific and Technological Dimension . . . . 286
9.2.3.4
Environmental Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
9.2.4
Benefits and Risks of an Extended Blue Amazon . . . . . 290
9.3
Partial Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
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