Contesting Cyberspace and the Coming Crisis of Authority
37
broadened into public-policy and popular circles. Although the prospects are strong
that the present circumstances could see the introduction of radical and shortsighted
measures, there is an equal opportunity for a discussion of “ fi rst principles ” of cyberspace. With a crisis of authority, in other words, could come a constitutional moment
for cyberspace.
Notes
1. W. B. Gallie, “ Essentially Contested Concepts, ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56 (1956):
167 – 198.
2. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ ITU Estimates Two Billion People Online by
End 2010: Access to Mobile Networks Available to Over 90% of World Population; 143 Countries
Offer 3G Services, ” October 19, 2010, http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffi ce/press_releases/2010/39.
aspx .
3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users
and Broadband Subscribers, ” 2009 Figures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic & ReportFormat=HTM
L4.0 & RP_intYear=2009 & RP_intLanguageID=1 & RP_bitLiveData=False .
4. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), “ The Economic Impact
of Shutting Down Internet and Mobile Phone Services in Egypt, ” February 4, 2011, http://www
.oecd.org/document/19/0,3746,en_2649_33703_47056659_1_1_1_1,00.html .
5. Noor, “ Clients, ” http://www.noor.net/Clients.aspx .
6. Noor was eventually shut down on January 31, 2011. Earl Zmijewski, “ Egypt’s Net on Life
Support, ” Renesys Blog, January 31, 2011, http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/01/egypts-net-on
-life-support.shtml .
7. Ethan Zuckerman, “ Intermediary Censorship, ” in Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power,
Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace , ed. Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan
Zittrain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 71 – 85.
8. Rebecca MacKinnon, “ Will Google Stand Up to France and Italy, Too? ” The Guardian , January
13, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/jan/13/google-china
-western-internet-freedom .
9. Rachel Donadio, “ Larger Threat Is Seen in Google Case, ” New York Times, February 24, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/25/technology/companies/25google.html.
10. Yamini Lohia, “ Shackling the Net, ” Times of India , April 12, 2010, http://timesofi ndia
.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Shackling-The-Net/articleshow/5784887.cms.
11. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Key Global Telecom Indicators for the
World Telecommunication Service Sector, ” 2010 Figures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/
at_glance/KeyTelecom.html.
37
broadened into public-policy and popular circles. Although the prospects are strong
that the present circumstances could see the introduction of radical and shortsighted
measures, there is an equal opportunity for a discussion of “ fi rst principles ” of cyberspace. With a crisis of authority, in other words, could come a constitutional moment
for cyberspace.
Notes
1. W. B. Gallie, “ Essentially Contested Concepts, ” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56 (1956):
167 – 198.
2. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ ITU Estimates Two Billion People Online by
End 2010: Access to Mobile Networks Available to Over 90% of World Population; 143 Countries
Offer 3G Services, ” October 19, 2010, http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffi ce/press_releases/2010/39.
aspx .
3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users
and Broadband Subscribers, ” 2009 Figures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic & ReportFormat=HTM
L4.0 & RP_intYear=2009 & RP_intLanguageID=1 & RP_bitLiveData=False .
4. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), “ The Economic Impact
of Shutting Down Internet and Mobile Phone Services in Egypt, ” February 4, 2011, http://www
.oecd.org/document/19/0,3746,en_2649_33703_47056659_1_1_1_1,00.html .
5. Noor, “ Clients, ” http://www.noor.net/Clients.aspx .
6. Noor was eventually shut down on January 31, 2011. Earl Zmijewski, “ Egypt’s Net on Life
Support, ” Renesys Blog, January 31, 2011, http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/01/egypts-net-on
-life-support.shtml .
7. Ethan Zuckerman, “ Intermediary Censorship, ” in Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power,
Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace , ed. Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan
Zittrain (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 71 – 85.
8. Rebecca MacKinnon, “ Will Google Stand Up to France and Italy, Too? ” The Guardian , January
13, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/jan/13/google-china
-western-internet-freedom .
9. Rachel Donadio, “ Larger Threat Is Seen in Google Case, ” New York Times, February 24, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/25/technology/companies/25google.html.
10. Yamini Lohia, “ Shackling the Net, ” Times of India , April 12, 2010, http://timesofi ndia
.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Shackling-The-Net/articleshow/5784887.cms.
11. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Key Global Telecom Indicators for the
World Telecommunication Service Sector, ” 2010 Figures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/
at_glance/KeyTelecom.html.