commercial and private fishing activities are allowed. Samples were taken as
follows:
• At the effluent of the sewage plant, two 10-L “discrete water samples” on 24 June
and 29 July 1997, and one 3-L “bulked composite water sample” (i.e. taken
throughout a 24-h cycle) on 29 July 1997.
• A 50-g “discrete sludge sample” on 29 July 1997.
• From the pond of the sewage plant, two 10-L “discrete” water samples on 24 June
and 29 July, 1997, respectively, two parallel 50 g sediment samples on 5 May
1997. Close to this sampling site, two series of SPMDs consisting of six samples
each were exposed and taken after an exposition of 7 weeks (24 June 1997) and
12 weeks (29 July 1997), respectively.
• From the pond of the sewage plant, 18 fish samples and one pooled mussel
sample (Table 8.21). The fishes were caught by electro-fishing on the same day,
24 June 1997. Both the tench (Tinca tinca (L.)) and the crucian carp (Carassius
carassius (L.)) tissue samples originated from a single fish, whereas the rudd
(Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.)), eel (Anguilla anguilla (L.)) and mussel
samples were pooled. The mussel samples (Dreissena polymorpha (PAL.))
were collected from an uncontaminated lake (“Lake Gartow”) near the city of
Gartow, State of Lower Saxony (Germany), and were exposed to the pond within
polypropylene nets next to the exposition place of the SPMDs.
8.2.5.1 Enantiomeric Ratios of ATII in Water and SPMD Samples
In the water and SPMD samples collected in the pond only for trans-ATII, deviations from the racemic enantiomeric ratios (ER) were found (in water samples: ER ¼
0.7–0.8; in SPMD samples: ER ¼ 0.8), which is a strong hint for a pronounced
enantioselective transformation in the water of the sewage treatment plant of this
specific polycyclic musk derivative (Gatermann 1998). This appears not to be the
case for the other polycyclic musks investigated in the here-presented study
(Gatermann et al. 2002a, b).
8.2.5.2 Enantiomeric Ratios of HHCB, ATII, AHTN and AHDI in Biota
Samples
SIM fragmentograms of biota sample extracts, that is, rudd, tench, crucian carp and
zebra mussel are shown in Figs. 8.33 and 8.34.
Concentrations and enantiomeric ratios of HHCB, cis- and trans-HHCB, AHTN,
trans-ATII and AHDI for 18 fish samples and one pooled mussel sample from the
pond of the sewage plant are summarised in Table 8.21. In the case of one tench and
one crucian carp, liver samples were analysed in addition to the muscle tissue. The
concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were discussed in Gatermann et al. (2002a, b).
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8 Enantiomer-Specific Fate and Behaviour of Chiral Contaminants
follows:
• At the effluent of the sewage plant, two 10-L “discrete water samples” on 24 June
and 29 July 1997, and one 3-L “bulked composite water sample” (i.e. taken
throughout a 24-h cycle) on 29 July 1997.
• A 50-g “discrete sludge sample” on 29 July 1997.
• From the pond of the sewage plant, two 10-L “discrete” water samples on 24 June
and 29 July, 1997, respectively, two parallel 50 g sediment samples on 5 May
1997. Close to this sampling site, two series of SPMDs consisting of six samples
each were exposed and taken after an exposition of 7 weeks (24 June 1997) and
12 weeks (29 July 1997), respectively.
• From the pond of the sewage plant, 18 fish samples and one pooled mussel
sample (Table 8.21). The fishes were caught by electro-fishing on the same day,
24 June 1997. Both the tench (Tinca tinca (L.)) and the crucian carp (Carassius
carassius (L.)) tissue samples originated from a single fish, whereas the rudd
(Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.)), eel (Anguilla anguilla (L.)) and mussel
samples were pooled. The mussel samples (Dreissena polymorpha (PAL.))
were collected from an uncontaminated lake (“Lake Gartow”) near the city of
Gartow, State of Lower Saxony (Germany), and were exposed to the pond within
polypropylene nets next to the exposition place of the SPMDs.
8.2.5.1 Enantiomeric Ratios of ATII in Water and SPMD Samples
In the water and SPMD samples collected in the pond only for trans-ATII, deviations from the racemic enantiomeric ratios (ER) were found (in water samples: ER ¼
0.7–0.8; in SPMD samples: ER ¼ 0.8), which is a strong hint for a pronounced
enantioselective transformation in the water of the sewage treatment plant of this
specific polycyclic musk derivative (Gatermann 1998). This appears not to be the
case for the other polycyclic musks investigated in the here-presented study
(Gatermann et al. 2002a, b).
8.2.5.2 Enantiomeric Ratios of HHCB, ATII, AHTN and AHDI in Biota
Samples
SIM fragmentograms of biota sample extracts, that is, rudd, tench, crucian carp and
zebra mussel are shown in Figs. 8.33 and 8.34.
Concentrations and enantiomeric ratios of HHCB, cis- and trans-HHCB, AHTN,
trans-ATII and AHDI for 18 fish samples and one pooled mussel sample from the
pond of the sewage plant are summarised in Table 8.21. In the case of one tench and
one crucian carp, liver samples were analysed in addition to the muscle tissue. The
concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were discussed in Gatermann et al. (2002a, b).
220
8 Enantiomer-Specific Fate and Behaviour of Chiral Contaminants