the latter case, baseline separation of the enantiomers was not achieved in both
studies, which might explain the larger discrepancy of the results. Furthermore,
Buser et al. investigated Baltic herring (Clupea harengus L.), harp seal (Phoca
groenlandica ERX.) from Greenland and Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adelis (L.))
from Antarctica. These samples were prepared at the Institute of Environmental
Chemistry, University of Umeå, Sweden. It should be noted that the enantiomeric
ratios for these biota sample extracts summarised in Table 8.13. have to be compared
with the value for the technical toxaphene mixture. For example, for the congener
B9-1679 (Parlar50) an ER of 1.13 Æ 0.02 was reported, that is, a value that slightly
differs from a racemic mixture. Therefore, the ERs determined for the warm-blooded
animals are less significantly larger than the value in the technical mixture, as usually
to be expected from technical compounds. It is worth noting that the congener
B9-1679 (Parlar50, see Fig. 8.19) is a major component in all aquatic biota samples,
but only a minor component of the technical product.
A very comprehensive survey was reported by Alder et al. (1996a, b) who
analysed eight fish samples including six different species (Table 8.13). The enantiomeric ratios ranged between 0.91 and 1.13, that is, when taking into account the
experimental error of the method, only small differences from racemic distributions
were encountered, and no species-dependent transformation can be inferred from the
data set.
Vetter et al. (1997a, b, c, d, e, f, 1998a, b) analysed three Weddel seals
(Leptonychotes weddellii LES.) and one Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx BLA.)
Table 8.13 (continued)
Biota/tissue
Enantiomeric ratios
References
B81413
B91679
B82229
B71453
B81412
(Parlar
26)
(Parlar
50)
(Parlar
44)
(À)
0.5
Grey seal
0.4
Vetter et al.
(1997a, b, c, d, e, f)
Weddell seal
0.4
Vetter et al.
(1997a, b, c, d, e, f)
Technical mixture
TC6
1.04 Æ
0.03
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Antarctic penguin
TC6
0.91 Æ
0.02
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Technical mixture
TC9
1.00 Æ
0.03
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Baltic salmon TC9 1.4
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Technical mixture
TC1
1.02
Æ0.02
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Antarctic penguin
TC1
0.74 Æ
0.03
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
162
8 Enantiomer-Specific Fate and Behaviour of Chiral Contaminants
studies, which might explain the larger discrepancy of the results. Furthermore,
Buser et al. investigated Baltic herring (Clupea harengus L.), harp seal (Phoca
groenlandica ERX.) from Greenland and Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adelis (L.))
from Antarctica. These samples were prepared at the Institute of Environmental
Chemistry, University of Umeå, Sweden. It should be noted that the enantiomeric
ratios for these biota sample extracts summarised in Table 8.13. have to be compared
with the value for the technical toxaphene mixture. For example, for the congener
B9-1679 (Parlar50) an ER of 1.13 Æ 0.02 was reported, that is, a value that slightly
differs from a racemic mixture. Therefore, the ERs determined for the warm-blooded
animals are less significantly larger than the value in the technical mixture, as usually
to be expected from technical compounds. It is worth noting that the congener
B9-1679 (Parlar50, see Fig. 8.19) is a major component in all aquatic biota samples,
but only a minor component of the technical product.
A very comprehensive survey was reported by Alder et al. (1996a, b) who
analysed eight fish samples including six different species (Table 8.13). The enantiomeric ratios ranged between 0.91 and 1.13, that is, when taking into account the
experimental error of the method, only small differences from racemic distributions
were encountered, and no species-dependent transformation can be inferred from the
data set.
Vetter et al. (1997a, b, c, d, e, f, 1998a, b) analysed three Weddel seals
(Leptonychotes weddellii LES.) and one Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx BLA.)
Table 8.13 (continued)
Biota/tissue
Enantiomeric ratios
References
B81413
B91679
B82229
B71453
B81412
(Parlar
26)
(Parlar
50)
(Parlar
44)
(À)
0.5
Grey seal
0.4
Vetter et al.
(1997a, b, c, d, e, f)
Weddell seal
0.4
Vetter et al.
(1997a, b, c, d, e, f)
Technical mixture
TC6
1.04 Æ
0.03
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Antarctic penguin
TC6
0.91 Æ
0.02
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Technical mixture
TC9
1.00 Æ
0.03
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Baltic salmon TC9 1.4
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Technical mixture
TC1
1.02
Æ0.02
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
Antarctic penguin
TC1
0.74 Æ
0.03
Buser and Müller
(1994a, b)
162
8 Enantiomer-Specific Fate and Behaviour of Chiral Contaminants