367
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_22
Chapter 22
Parabens as Endocrine Disrupting
Chemicals and Their Association
with Metabolic Disorders
Kamran Haider, Kanwal Rehman, Anam Sabbir,
and Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
Abstract Parabens are used as preservatives to prolong the shelf-life of various
products mainly including food products, cosmetics as well as pharmaceuticals.
Specific attributes like low cost, diminished toxicity, and high efficacy make them
more appropriate for usage and currently being used worldwide. Alternatively, easily absorption by human body and ultimate systemic exposure necessitates their
safety profiles. In this chapter, we discussed some undesirable consequences associated with paraben exposure and mainly target their endocrine disrupting potential.
Disturbance in endocrine homeostasis provokes as well as worsens metabolic disorder such as thyroid gland dysfunction, obesity, irregularity in sex hormones such as
testosterone and estrogen. In addition to this, we have also discussed major sources
of paraben exposure (Food, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals) and their metabolism in
human body.
Keywords Exposure of parabens · Cosmetics · Metabolism of parabens ·
Pharmaceuticals
K. Haider · K. Rehman (*)
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
A. Sabbir · M. S. H. Akash
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_22
Chapter 22
Parabens as Endocrine Disrupting
Chemicals and Their Association
with Metabolic Disorders
Kamran Haider, Kanwal Rehman, Anam Sabbir,
and Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
Abstract Parabens are used as preservatives to prolong the shelf-life of various
products mainly including food products, cosmetics as well as pharmaceuticals.
Specific attributes like low cost, diminished toxicity, and high efficacy make them
more appropriate for usage and currently being used worldwide. Alternatively, easily absorption by human body and ultimate systemic exposure necessitates their
safety profiles. In this chapter, we discussed some undesirable consequences associated with paraben exposure and mainly target their endocrine disrupting potential.
Disturbance in endocrine homeostasis provokes as well as worsens metabolic disorder such as thyroid gland dysfunction, obesity, irregularity in sex hormones such as
testosterone and estrogen. In addition to this, we have also discussed major sources
of paraben exposure (Food, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals) and their metabolism in
human body.
Keywords Exposure of parabens · Cosmetics · Metabolism of parabens ·
Pharmaceuticals
K. Haider · K. Rehman (*)
Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
A. Sabbir · M. S. H. Akash
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan