13
4. It decreases the phosphate’s reabsorption by the renal tubules and hence prevents
the kidney stones formation.
5. It increases the renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1].
If the parathyroid gland is accidentally removed during thyroid surgery, the concentration of phosphate in the blood will rise. As more calcium is excreted by the
kidneys and intestines and more incorporated into the bone, the concentration of
calcium will also decrease. This can cause serious interference, especially innerves
and muscles, which can use calcium ions to function properly. Tumors in the parathyroid glands may cause excessive activity of the parathyroid glands, resulting in
weakened bones. This situation makes them more susceptible to rupture/break due
to excessive calcium excretion from the bones [25, 26].
Adrenal Gland
The adrenal gland is a complex, multi-functional organ whose secretions are necessary to sustain life. Adrenal failure leads to disorders of electrolyte and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to circulatory failure, hypoglycemic coma, and death.
Fig. 1.4 PTH secretion regulation by the blood calcium levels
1 Physiology of Endocrine System and Related Metabolic Disorders
4. It decreases the phosphate’s reabsorption by the renal tubules and hence prevents
the kidney stones formation.
5. It increases the renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1].
If the parathyroid gland is accidentally removed during thyroid surgery, the concentration of phosphate in the blood will rise. As more calcium is excreted by the
kidneys and intestines and more incorporated into the bone, the concentration of
calcium will also decrease. This can cause serious interference, especially innerves
and muscles, which can use calcium ions to function properly. Tumors in the parathyroid glands may cause excessive activity of the parathyroid glands, resulting in
weakened bones. This situation makes them more susceptible to rupture/break due
to excessive calcium excretion from the bones [25, 26].
Adrenal Gland
The adrenal gland is a complex, multi-functional organ whose secretions are necessary to sustain life. Adrenal failure leads to disorders of electrolyte and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to circulatory failure, hypoglycemic coma, and death.
Fig. 1.4 PTH secretion regulation by the blood calcium levels
1 Physiology of Endocrine System and Related Metabolic Disorders