185
Furan Detection Methods
Furan detection in food was a critical method as its toxic nature present the idea that
its presence in food could be potential threats to health. For its detection FDA first
incorporated a technique to quantify its presence in food. The sample is prepared in
cold conditions and done the headspace analysis at 80 °C. For separation of furan
porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns are used for chromatographic separation
along with mass spectrometric detection in selected ion monitoring mode. In this
method, bounded polystyrene-divinylbenezene in a column is used to separate small
volatile molecules. Furan was quantified using standard addition method by using
deuterated furan internal standard.
Headspace Analysis
Furan is separated from the food sample using headspace techniques. In this method,
magnetic bars are added to headspace vial and effective separation is done depending on equilibration time, and efficient agitation, liquidity of sample and temperature [42]. To make the sample fluid, a sufficient amount of water is also added.
Although the headspace method requires to heat the sample so analytes are volatilized to headspace but in case of furan heating is not suggested because of its highly
volatile nature. A few studies reported to increase the temperature from 30 to 50 °C
to increase the efficiency but rather increasing the temperature it is suggested to
increase the salt. Instead of high temperature, many studies concluded that appropriate temperature for furan detection is 50 °C or below [43].
Headspace Sampling by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
For effective analysis, headspace sampling phase microextraction method is preferred over the headspace method. In SPME a needle is used, which has polymeric
material coated on its tip. This SPME needle is subject to the headspace of a vial in
which analytes are present. After 10–60 min of exposure, the analytes are filtered
out with the help of polymeric material at the tip of the needle. Then it is desorbed
by heating from 90 to 300 °C for 15 min and injected into GC column. In headspace,
it is injected directly into the Gas Chromatography Spectrometry System. SPME is
a more sensitive method because it allows the concentration of sample material.
Optimal conditions for SPME are depended on many factors such as time, temperature, fibre type, aqueous phase saturation and extraction in headspace vial. To determine the best possible fibre many researches have been conducted and caboxen/
polydimethylsiloxane is concluded to be more effective, followed by divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane regarded as next best option. Optimization
12 Role of Furans as EDCs in Metabolic Disorders
Furan Detection Methods
Furan detection in food was a critical method as its toxic nature present the idea that
its presence in food could be potential threats to health. For its detection FDA first
incorporated a technique to quantify its presence in food. The sample is prepared in
cold conditions and done the headspace analysis at 80 °C. For separation of furan
porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns are used for chromatographic separation
along with mass spectrometric detection in selected ion monitoring mode. In this
method, bounded polystyrene-divinylbenezene in a column is used to separate small
volatile molecules. Furan was quantified using standard addition method by using
deuterated furan internal standard.
Headspace Analysis
Furan is separated from the food sample using headspace techniques. In this method,
magnetic bars are added to headspace vial and effective separation is done depending on equilibration time, and efficient agitation, liquidity of sample and temperature [42]. To make the sample fluid, a sufficient amount of water is also added.
Although the headspace method requires to heat the sample so analytes are volatilized to headspace but in case of furan heating is not suggested because of its highly
volatile nature. A few studies reported to increase the temperature from 30 to 50 °C
to increase the efficiency but rather increasing the temperature it is suggested to
increase the salt. Instead of high temperature, many studies concluded that appropriate temperature for furan detection is 50 °C or below [43].
Headspace Sampling by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
For effective analysis, headspace sampling phase microextraction method is preferred over the headspace method. In SPME a needle is used, which has polymeric
material coated on its tip. This SPME needle is subject to the headspace of a vial in
which analytes are present. After 10–60 min of exposure, the analytes are filtered
out with the help of polymeric material at the tip of the needle. Then it is desorbed
by heating from 90 to 300 °C for 15 min and injected into GC column. In headspace,
it is injected directly into the Gas Chromatography Spectrometry System. SPME is
a more sensitive method because it allows the concentration of sample material.
Optimal conditions for SPME are depended on many factors such as time, temperature, fibre type, aqueous phase saturation and extraction in headspace vial. To determine the best possible fibre many researches have been conducted and caboxen/
polydimethylsiloxane is concluded to be more effective, followed by divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane regarded as next best option. Optimization
12 Role of Furans as EDCs in Metabolic Disorders