175
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_12
Chapter 12
Role of Furans as EDCs in Metabolic
Disorders
Saima Muzammil, Asma Ashraf, Aqsa Muzammil, Rahat Andleeb,
and Azhar Rafique
Abstract Furan is common compound that can be found in many products in pure
form and as its derivatives. It is abundant in environment as in processed food, industrial process, pharmaceutical products and smoke. When furans are heated, they
enhanced oxidative processes in lipids and proteins, and therefore play a toxic role in
many cases. In many body systems furans are examined to cause toxic effects. It is
commonly formed from four precursors amino acids, carbohydrates, ascorbic acids
and PUFA. To detect the presence of furan and its amount in sample many methods
have been involved. Most common of them are headspace analysis, headspace sampling by solid phase microextraction, and GCMS. As furan toxic effect is confirmed
in many animals and it can be harmful to human health as well. The quantity of furan
taken by humans are measured through quantification of furan in many food products. Many health agencies such as EFSA, FDA and IARC determine amount of
furan in different foods. Further experiments were conducted to determine its harmful effects. Mouse and rats were mostly used in such tests. In rat metabolism of furan
is tested and recorded that 80% of furan was eliminated through different pathways.
Furan affects on digestive track is also determined. It mostly affects liver due to its
prolonged presence in liver, but it was also observed to be harmful for kidneys. Some
products are also tested to mitigate furan toxicity, apigenin and lycopene were found
to be effective against furan toxicity. Moreover, furan itself was known to be effective
against oxidative stress, which may cause many neurodegenerative disorders.
S. Muzammil
Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
A. Ashraf (*) · R. Andleeb · A. Rafique
Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
e-mail: asmaashraf@gcuf.edu.pk
A. Muzammil
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. S. H. Akash et al. (eds.), Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-induced
Metabolic Disorders and Treatment Strategies, Emerging Contaminants
and Associated Treatment Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45923-9_12
Chapter 12
Role of Furans as EDCs in Metabolic
Disorders
Saima Muzammil, Asma Ashraf, Aqsa Muzammil, Rahat Andleeb,
and Azhar Rafique
Abstract Furan is common compound that can be found in many products in pure
form and as its derivatives. It is abundant in environment as in processed food, industrial process, pharmaceutical products and smoke. When furans are heated, they
enhanced oxidative processes in lipids and proteins, and therefore play a toxic role in
many cases. In many body systems furans are examined to cause toxic effects. It is
commonly formed from four precursors amino acids, carbohydrates, ascorbic acids
and PUFA. To detect the presence of furan and its amount in sample many methods
have been involved. Most common of them are headspace analysis, headspace sampling by solid phase microextraction, and GCMS. As furan toxic effect is confirmed
in many animals and it can be harmful to human health as well. The quantity of furan
taken by humans are measured through quantification of furan in many food products. Many health agencies such as EFSA, FDA and IARC determine amount of
furan in different foods. Further experiments were conducted to determine its harmful effects. Mouse and rats were mostly used in such tests. In rat metabolism of furan
is tested and recorded that 80% of furan was eliminated through different pathways.
Furan affects on digestive track is also determined. It mostly affects liver due to its
prolonged presence in liver, but it was also observed to be harmful for kidneys. Some
products are also tested to mitigate furan toxicity, apigenin and lycopene were found
to be effective against furan toxicity. Moreover, furan itself was known to be effective
against oxidative stress, which may cause many neurodegenerative disorders.
S. Muzammil
Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
A. Ashraf (*) · R. Andleeb · A. Rafique
Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
e-mail: asmaashraf@gcuf.edu.pk
A. Muzammil
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan