91
generated in both amygdaloid and hypothalamic nuclei [56]. In fact, high fat diet
for a single day boosts expression of TNF-α and IL-6 along with stimulation of
microglial cells in rodents. Further, 3 days exposure of high fat diet raised gliosis
augmented by inflammation, and promotes marker of neuronal injury [57]. The
ultimate neuroinflammation has a detrimental effect and potential hallmark for a
number of neuropsychiatric disorders like bi-polar disorders, depression, and
schizophrenia. Correspondingly, elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers like
chemokines and cytokines in psychiatric patients clearly indicate association of
inflammation and psychiatric disorders [58].
Dietary interventions including long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids
(LC-PUFA) are considered to manipulate a advantageous role in neuroinflammation
and prohibits undesirable outcomes. As LC-PUFAs, significantly of n-3 family elicits anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution characteristics. Additionally, LC-PUFAs
imparts their beneficial role by synthesis of specialized pro-resolution mediators
(SPMs). These SPMs then reverses inflammation, thus possessing defensive and
neuroprotective effects and mitigates neuroinflammation [59]. Additionally, another
bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) also offers favorable profile for alcohol
abuse. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that OEA possesses antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, thus manipulating a neuroprotective
effect in alcohol abusers. Also, endogenous and exogenous OEA have averting
action on proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and thus, impart protective
effect against neuroinflammation [60].
Summary and Future Prospective
These convincingly aforementioned evidence dictates that metabolic disorders particularly owing to lipid-impaired metabolism are relatively complicated health
problems. Accordingly, the associated health risks like lactic acidosis, hypertension,
cardiovascular complications, obesity, diabetes, fatty livers, polycystic ovaries
along with neurodegenerative disorders are increasing promptly in recent days.
Actually, genetic factors along with environmental factors like energy dense diet,
physical inactivity, and sedentary life-style are potential triggering events for provoking and dissemination of metabolic disorders. It necessitates the utmost need of
pharmacological along with non-pharmacological strategies like nutritional interventions and better life-style management for safeguarding the undesirable complications engaged with metabolic disorders. Calorie restricted diet having no or
minimum saturated fatty acids along with regular physical exercise and better lifeadaptations are palliative strategies to minimize metabolic disorders and protects
from future consequences.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
5 Impaired Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Disorders
generated in both amygdaloid and hypothalamic nuclei [56]. In fact, high fat diet
for a single day boosts expression of TNF-α and IL-6 along with stimulation of
microglial cells in rodents. Further, 3 days exposure of high fat diet raised gliosis
augmented by inflammation, and promotes marker of neuronal injury [57]. The
ultimate neuroinflammation has a detrimental effect and potential hallmark for a
number of neuropsychiatric disorders like bi-polar disorders, depression, and
schizophrenia. Correspondingly, elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers like
chemokines and cytokines in psychiatric patients clearly indicate association of
inflammation and psychiatric disorders [58].
Dietary interventions including long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids
(LC-PUFA) are considered to manipulate a advantageous role in neuroinflammation
and prohibits undesirable outcomes. As LC-PUFAs, significantly of n-3 family elicits anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution characteristics. Additionally, LC-PUFAs
imparts their beneficial role by synthesis of specialized pro-resolution mediators
(SPMs). These SPMs then reverses inflammation, thus possessing defensive and
neuroprotective effects and mitigates neuroinflammation [59]. Additionally, another
bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) also offers favorable profile for alcohol
abuse. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that OEA possesses antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, thus manipulating a neuroprotective
effect in alcohol abusers. Also, endogenous and exogenous OEA have averting
action on proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and thus, impart protective
effect against neuroinflammation [60].
Summary and Future Prospective
These convincingly aforementioned evidence dictates that metabolic disorders particularly owing to lipid-impaired metabolism are relatively complicated health
problems. Accordingly, the associated health risks like lactic acidosis, hypertension,
cardiovascular complications, obesity, diabetes, fatty livers, polycystic ovaries
along with neurodegenerative disorders are increasing promptly in recent days.
Actually, genetic factors along with environmental factors like energy dense diet,
physical inactivity, and sedentary life-style are potential triggering events for provoking and dissemination of metabolic disorders. It necessitates the utmost need of
pharmacological along with non-pharmacological strategies like nutritional interventions and better life-style management for safeguarding the undesirable complications engaged with metabolic disorders. Calorie restricted diet having no or
minimum saturated fatty acids along with regular physical exercise and better lifeadaptations are palliative strategies to minimize metabolic disorders and protects
from future consequences.
Conflict of Interest Nothing to declare.
5 Impaired Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Disorders