82
S. H. Sadeghi and E. Sharifi Moghadam
that spatial mapping is an effective tool for demonstrating the availability of water
supply and monitoring services provided by ecosystems and can support nexus analysis. Spiegelberg et al. [76] studied the interrelationship of the local WEF nexus
using the sustainable livelihood approach via a socioecological network analysis in
the Dampalit Watershed, Philippines. The investigation indicated various life styles
for the study groups, and it showed deficiency of social communication in the field of
WEF nexus. Furthermore, the identification of indirect connections via consumption
of the groups of food products is impossible. The water–food nexus in the Citarum
Watershed, Indonesia, was studied by Lubis et al. [48]. Assessing the water quality
of the Citarum River and increasing demand for the food–water relationship show
a turbulent situation that, even in the current context, requires strategic decisions
to reform water allocation policy to environmental sustainability. Givens et al. [26]
in their in their study investigated Innovations in the Food–Energy–Water Nexus
(INFEWS) in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) using different scenarios developed
based on coordinated modeling and simulated management. Their targets were to
determine a number of less commonly used methods to integrate social perceptions
with the Food–Energy–Water (FEW) nexus investigations and to seek how this interdisciplinary effort changes the way of innovations and resilience in FEW systems
are evaluated. They found that the concentration of resilience exerted on multiple
relationships could unwittingly accentuate the condition imposed by the governing
sector. The integration of social perspectives, which lighten issues of inequity, power,
and social justice, can incorporate these deficits and notify future originations, and
more care needs to be paid to social stimuli and outcomes. Yang et al. [90] examined
the effect of climate change and human made alteration on the water, energy, food, and
ecosystem divisions in the Niger River Basin, Nigeria. The results of their research
recommended that dam construction can reduce the detrimental effects resulted from
climate change on hydropower generation as well as on ecosystem wellbeing to some
limit. Villamor et al. [81] used a framework of social metabolic process and energy
flow investigation to assess the agro-ecosystem and land use change in the food and
water–energy system by using for the Upper Snake River Basin (USBR), Idaho,
USA. Despite the increase in arable land between 2002 and 2012 in the basin, a
decrease in energy production for crop production was observed. On the other hand,
the growth in industrial energy input for dairy industry showed that the watershed is
a good example for bio-industrial system. The WEF nexus in the Upper Yellow River
Basin was reported by Si et al. [74] using multi-objective optimization for reservoir
system. The results showed that the recognition of the WEF profits is defined by
proper operation of the Longyangxia Reservoir, and Longyangxia Reservoir should
sustain a high-water level to guarantee the overall profits in the long term. Temporal
investigation of indicators for water–energy nexus for hydropower plants and water
pumping in the Lower Blue Nile Basin was reported by Basheer and Ahmed Elagib
[8]. They found that increasing the height of the Reserve Dam in 2013 in the study area
led to a significant change in annual energy production, days in power generation,
daily energy production, water–energy efficiency, and annual energy for pumping.
In addition, turbines with higher capacity could be installed in the Roseires Dam to
make to use the most hydropower potential. A review of the effect of the governance
S. H. Sadeghi and E. Sharifi Moghadam
that spatial mapping is an effective tool for demonstrating the availability of water
supply and monitoring services provided by ecosystems and can support nexus analysis. Spiegelberg et al. [76] studied the interrelationship of the local WEF nexus
using the sustainable livelihood approach via a socioecological network analysis in
the Dampalit Watershed, Philippines. The investigation indicated various life styles
for the study groups, and it showed deficiency of social communication in the field of
WEF nexus. Furthermore, the identification of indirect connections via consumption
of the groups of food products is impossible. The water–food nexus in the Citarum
Watershed, Indonesia, was studied by Lubis et al. [48]. Assessing the water quality
of the Citarum River and increasing demand for the food–water relationship show
a turbulent situation that, even in the current context, requires strategic decisions
to reform water allocation policy to environmental sustainability. Givens et al. [26]
in their in their study investigated Innovations in the Food–Energy–Water Nexus
(INFEWS) in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) using different scenarios developed
based on coordinated modeling and simulated management. Their targets were to
determine a number of less commonly used methods to integrate social perceptions
with the Food–Energy–Water (FEW) nexus investigations and to seek how this interdisciplinary effort changes the way of innovations and resilience in FEW systems
are evaluated. They found that the concentration of resilience exerted on multiple
relationships could unwittingly accentuate the condition imposed by the governing
sector. The integration of social perspectives, which lighten issues of inequity, power,
and social justice, can incorporate these deficits and notify future originations, and
more care needs to be paid to social stimuli and outcomes. Yang et al. [90] examined
the effect of climate change and human made alteration on the water, energy, food, and
ecosystem divisions in the Niger River Basin, Nigeria. The results of their research
recommended that dam construction can reduce the detrimental effects resulted from
climate change on hydropower generation as well as on ecosystem wellbeing to some
limit. Villamor et al. [81] used a framework of social metabolic process and energy
flow investigation to assess the agro-ecosystem and land use change in the food and
water–energy system by using for the Upper Snake River Basin (USBR), Idaho,
USA. Despite the increase in arable land between 2002 and 2012 in the basin, a
decrease in energy production for crop production was observed. On the other hand,
the growth in industrial energy input for dairy industry showed that the watershed is
a good example for bio-industrial system. The WEF nexus in the Upper Yellow River
Basin was reported by Si et al. [74] using multi-objective optimization for reservoir
system. The results showed that the recognition of the WEF profits is defined by
proper operation of the Longyangxia Reservoir, and Longyangxia Reservoir should
sustain a high-water level to guarantee the overall profits in the long term. Temporal
investigation of indicators for water–energy nexus for hydropower plants and water
pumping in the Lower Blue Nile Basin was reported by Basheer and Ahmed Elagib
[8]. They found that increasing the height of the Reserve Dam in 2013 in the study area
led to a significant change in annual energy production, days in power generation,
daily energy production, water–energy efficiency, and annual energy for pumping.
In addition, turbines with higher capacity could be installed in the Roseires Dam to
make to use the most hydropower potential. A review of the effect of the governance