176
H. Schlör et al.
Table 8 shows the expenditures of German households for the seven functionings
chosen for this analysis. The average German household has 4047 e as its welfare
foundation and, given this economic basis, spends on average 360 e for nutrition,
1167 e are necessary to finance a decent life, 50 e are spent for health-related issues
of the household members, 379 e for mobility, 654 e for the social participation
of the members of the household, and 28 e for education. The direct FEW-nexus
expenditures of German households are summarized in the functionings nutrition,
decent life and mobility. The external FEW-nexus related effects of the consumption
patterns of German households are summarized in the ecological and water footprints.
The justice spread between the maximum and the minimum expenditures of the
analysed households shows that the welfare foundation of the average German households differs significantly. The households of the highest income group hold a 14
times higher welfare foundation (earnings, savings) than the average household in the
lowest income group. The high spread is caused mainly by the fact that the savings
of the lowest income group are negative.
Further analysis shows that the spread differs significantly between the functionings. The justice spreads for nutrition and decent life are relatively low (at 3 and
5, respectively). It increases to 7 and 11 for social participation and education and
reaches its highest values for health (17) and mobility (12). Hence, the direct FEWnexus spread ranges from 3 for nutrition to 12 for mobility. Hence, the basic needs
are more evenly distributed than, for example, mobility. The spread of the external
effects of the households’ consumption patterns is inconsistent. The spread of the
ecological footprint is relatively low at 5.2, but is significantly higher for the water
footprint (15)—the highest income group uses 15 times more direct and indirect
water than the lowest income group. Accordingly, the worldwide reach is in this case
15 times higher than that of the low income households in this social group.
The analysis of single woman German households reveals a slightly different
picture as Table 9 shows.
Table 9 shows that the justice spread of the welfare foundation is 16, i.e. the justice
spread of the single woman households is higher than that of the average household.
The distribution for nutrition (2) and decent life (3), in contrast, is lower. The justice
spread increases significantly to 15 for health expenditures of single women. Single
women in the highest income group can spend on average 15 times more on their
health care than the women in the lowest income group. The mobility spread (8) of
single woman households are lower than that of the average household. The same
holds true for social participation and education (both 6). The table further shows
that the justice spread of the external FEW-nexus related effects (4.3) is nearly as
low as the spread of nutrition and decent life. So overall it can be concluded that
the worldwide reach of the household functionings in this social group is rather
heterogeneous.
The average welfare foundation spread of single men is higher (16) than that of
the average household and equal to the single woman households (Table 9), whereas
the nutrition spread (1.5) of this group is the lowest of all functionings of all analysed
households. The justice spread for the decent life is in the range of that of the single
women. The spread of the health expenditures, in contrast, is higher (23) than that of
H. Schlör et al.
Table 8 shows the expenditures of German households for the seven functionings
chosen for this analysis. The average German household has 4047 e as its welfare
foundation and, given this economic basis, spends on average 360 e for nutrition,
1167 e are necessary to finance a decent life, 50 e are spent for health-related issues
of the household members, 379 e for mobility, 654 e for the social participation
of the members of the household, and 28 e for education. The direct FEW-nexus
expenditures of German households are summarized in the functionings nutrition,
decent life and mobility. The external FEW-nexus related effects of the consumption
patterns of German households are summarized in the ecological and water footprints.
The justice spread between the maximum and the minimum expenditures of the
analysed households shows that the welfare foundation of the average German households differs significantly. The households of the highest income group hold a 14
times higher welfare foundation (earnings, savings) than the average household in the
lowest income group. The high spread is caused mainly by the fact that the savings
of the lowest income group are negative.
Further analysis shows that the spread differs significantly between the functionings. The justice spreads for nutrition and decent life are relatively low (at 3 and
5, respectively). It increases to 7 and 11 for social participation and education and
reaches its highest values for health (17) and mobility (12). Hence, the direct FEWnexus spread ranges from 3 for nutrition to 12 for mobility. Hence, the basic needs
are more evenly distributed than, for example, mobility. The spread of the external
effects of the households’ consumption patterns is inconsistent. The spread of the
ecological footprint is relatively low at 5.2, but is significantly higher for the water
footprint (15)—the highest income group uses 15 times more direct and indirect
water than the lowest income group. Accordingly, the worldwide reach is in this case
15 times higher than that of the low income households in this social group.
The analysis of single woman German households reveals a slightly different
picture as Table 9 shows.
Table 9 shows that the justice spread of the welfare foundation is 16, i.e. the justice
spread of the single woman households is higher than that of the average household.
The distribution for nutrition (2) and decent life (3), in contrast, is lower. The justice
spread increases significantly to 15 for health expenditures of single women. Single
women in the highest income group can spend on average 15 times more on their
health care than the women in the lowest income group. The mobility spread (8) of
single woman households are lower than that of the average household. The same
holds true for social participation and education (both 6). The table further shows
that the justice spread of the external FEW-nexus related effects (4.3) is nearly as
low as the spread of nutrition and decent life. So overall it can be concluded that
the worldwide reach of the household functionings in this social group is rather
heterogeneous.
The average welfare foundation spread of single men is higher (16) than that of
the average household and equal to the single woman households (Table 9), whereas
the nutrition spread (1.5) of this group is the lowest of all functionings of all analysed
households. The justice spread for the decent life is in the range of that of the single
women. The spread of the health expenditures, in contrast, is higher (23) than that of