150
H. Schlör et al.
entre le riche et le pauvre, entre le maître et le serviteur, c’est la liberté qui opprime
et la loi qui affranchit [40]”.
1 Sen’s welfare approach defines welfare from two sides
[38]: The outcome people can achieve based on their functionings or based on the
opportunities, they have according to their capability budget. Hence, welfare is a
function of outcome and opportunities.
In a next step, based on the model of Sen and the methods set up by Mahbub ul
Haq in the conceptual framework of the human development report and its Human
Development Index (HDI), we derive a method to reveal and to measure the capabilities and functionings of the German society including the worldwide reach. We use
our revealed functioning approach to capture the following functionings based on the
Human Development Index: welfare, nourishment, decent and healthy life, mobility,
social cohesion and education to define social justice as equality of capabilities.
3 Measuring the Worldwide Reach of German Households
on the FEW-Nexus
The proposed two-step approach first measures the current state of the FEW-nexus
sectors and the impact of the German households on food, energy and water. The
approach follows the objective to consider both the direct effects of the consumption
of food, energy and water measured by German household survey data, but also the
indirect effects caused by the German consumption patterns measured by the ecological footprint and the water footprint. Both measures belong to the environmental
footprint indices [47, 48].
Secondly, it reveals the functionings and capabilities of the German households
through the German capability index (GCI).
3.1 German Household Survey (EVS)
For our analysis, we use the latest German household survey data “Einkommensund Verbrauchsstichprobe 2018” (EVS) of the German Statistical Office [19, 20] to
make functionings observable, measurable and comparable. The household survey
EVS records the income and expenditures of all German households [18]. The EVS
2018 is the latest survey of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany and delivers
important data for the assessment of the income situation, the standard of living
and the expenditure behaviour of the whole population and the different households
[24]. The EVS database therefore provides information about German economic
life and consumer behaviour [18]. The EVS methodology is based on the Eurostat
recommendations for “Household Budget Surveys in the EU [16]”.
1 Between the strong and the weak, between the rich and the poor, between the lord and the slave,
it is freedom which oppresses and the law which sets free.
H. Schlör et al.
entre le riche et le pauvre, entre le maître et le serviteur, c’est la liberté qui opprime
et la loi qui affranchit [40]”.
1 Sen’s welfare approach defines welfare from two sides
[38]: The outcome people can achieve based on their functionings or based on the
opportunities, they have according to their capability budget. Hence, welfare is a
function of outcome and opportunities.
In a next step, based on the model of Sen and the methods set up by Mahbub ul
Haq in the conceptual framework of the human development report and its Human
Development Index (HDI), we derive a method to reveal and to measure the capabilities and functionings of the German society including the worldwide reach. We use
our revealed functioning approach to capture the following functionings based on the
Human Development Index: welfare, nourishment, decent and healthy life, mobility,
social cohesion and education to define social justice as equality of capabilities.
3 Measuring the Worldwide Reach of German Households
on the FEW-Nexus
The proposed two-step approach first measures the current state of the FEW-nexus
sectors and the impact of the German households on food, energy and water. The
approach follows the objective to consider both the direct effects of the consumption
of food, energy and water measured by German household survey data, but also the
indirect effects caused by the German consumption patterns measured by the ecological footprint and the water footprint. Both measures belong to the environmental
footprint indices [47, 48].
Secondly, it reveals the functionings and capabilities of the German households
through the German capability index (GCI).
3.1 German Household Survey (EVS)
For our analysis, we use the latest German household survey data “Einkommensund Verbrauchsstichprobe 2018” (EVS) of the German Statistical Office [19, 20] to
make functionings observable, measurable and comparable. The household survey
EVS records the income and expenditures of all German households [18]. The EVS
2018 is the latest survey of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany and delivers
important data for the assessment of the income situation, the standard of living
and the expenditure behaviour of the whole population and the different households
[24]. The EVS database therefore provides information about German economic
life and consumer behaviour [18]. The EVS methodology is based on the Eurostat
recommendations for “Household Budget Surveys in the EU [16]”.
1 Between the strong and the weak, between the rich and the poor, between the lord and the slave,
it is freedom which oppresses and the law which sets free.