108
R. de Castro Sobrosa Neto et al.
or for heat generation or other type of usage (that producers organized in cooperatives or consortia can identify as advantageous). Consequently, in conjunction with
ANEEL’s REN No. 482/2012, biogas producers now have autonomy to achieve their
goals. Once the institution of the State Biogas Policy, by modernizing legislation and
providing new business opportunities to producers of biomass and biogas, offered
sustainable development conditions based on food and energy production, respect for
the environment and water preservation. All benefits are adequately accompanied by
the responsibilities of those interested in adapting to the safety and quality constraints
of the control bodies, as well as the resolutions issued under the protection of biogas
and its usage.
7 Swine Production and Its Relationship with Water
Footprint and WEF Nexus
Research and development projects that adopt the premises of WEF nexus tend to
have a greater capacity to respond to society demands, such as: social, environmental
and economic, as well as stimulating circular economy models. Lehmann [46] points
out that a way to reduce energy consumption is to apply circular economy principles,
and that this model seeks to base economic development on environmental and
resource protection, so that the circular economy and the nexus are closely linked.
The understandings of Chen et al. [17] that redesign, reduction, recovery, recycling
and reuse (5R) practices for waste recovery, in addition to the implementation of WEF
Nexus with green chemistry principles (GCP) can improve food security and resource
sustainability. Freitas et al. [28] point out that biomass is a potential energy source for
the diversification of Brazilian energy matrix. In this context, biogas produced from
waste anaerobic digestion becomes a relevant renewable resource that may come
to play an important role mitigating environmental problems and generating local
electricity.
Animal protein production (as a food source) is the most complex form of food
production. It is a rich nutrients’ source, whose global demand will only grow in the
coming decades, and from which the production complexity results in a high environmental impact. Livestock in Brazil is characterized by animals’ division according to
the stage of creation. In many times, breeders are cooperated by large companies that
provide advice to its members, from animals’ birth to their age of slaughter. These
large companies search for animals on these properties, take them to their manufacturing units to slaughter, process animal protein and sell other associated products.
In general, breeders specialize in stages such as creating, recreating or endings with
little performance in slaughter, processing and commercialization (stages that add
more value to the work done). In the case of the Biogas Project, breeders are divided
into: (1) growth and termination unit; (2) initial growth unit; (3) weaner production
unit; and (4) piglet production unit [50, 53, 62].
R. de Castro Sobrosa Neto et al.
or for heat generation or other type of usage (that producers organized in cooperatives or consortia can identify as advantageous). Consequently, in conjunction with
ANEEL’s REN No. 482/2012, biogas producers now have autonomy to achieve their
goals. Once the institution of the State Biogas Policy, by modernizing legislation and
providing new business opportunities to producers of biomass and biogas, offered
sustainable development conditions based on food and energy production, respect for
the environment and water preservation. All benefits are adequately accompanied by
the responsibilities of those interested in adapting to the safety and quality constraints
of the control bodies, as well as the resolutions issued under the protection of biogas
and its usage.
7 Swine Production and Its Relationship with Water
Footprint and WEF Nexus
Research and development projects that adopt the premises of WEF nexus tend to
have a greater capacity to respond to society demands, such as: social, environmental
and economic, as well as stimulating circular economy models. Lehmann [46] points
out that a way to reduce energy consumption is to apply circular economy principles,
and that this model seeks to base economic development on environmental and
resource protection, so that the circular economy and the nexus are closely linked.
The understandings of Chen et al. [17] that redesign, reduction, recovery, recycling
and reuse (5R) practices for waste recovery, in addition to the implementation of WEF
Nexus with green chemistry principles (GCP) can improve food security and resource
sustainability. Freitas et al. [28] point out that biomass is a potential energy source for
the diversification of Brazilian energy matrix. In this context, biogas produced from
waste anaerobic digestion becomes a relevant renewable resource that may come
to play an important role mitigating environmental problems and generating local
electricity.
Animal protein production (as a food source) is the most complex form of food
production. It is a rich nutrients’ source, whose global demand will only grow in the
coming decades, and from which the production complexity results in a high environmental impact. Livestock in Brazil is characterized by animals’ division according to
the stage of creation. In many times, breeders are cooperated by large companies that
provide advice to its members, from animals’ birth to their age of slaughter. These
large companies search for animals on these properties, take them to their manufacturing units to slaughter, process animal protein and sell other associated products.
In general, breeders specialize in stages such as creating, recreating or endings with
little performance in slaughter, processing and commercialization (stages that add
more value to the work done). In the case of the Biogas Project, breeders are divided
into: (1) growth and termination unit; (2) initial growth unit; (3) weaner production
unit; and (4) piglet production unit [50, 53, 62].