The Use of Biodigesters in the Treatment of Swine Manure …
105
In addition to the mentioned laws, the Oslo Manual (which is a proposal for
guidelines in data collection and interpretation on technological innovation, as well as
being the printed and translated version in Brazil, was made by Studies and Projects’s
Financier [FINEP]) helps Brazil to guide and rank its research. This Manual distinguishes four types of innovation: product, process, marketing and organizational. It is
based on: the demand for innovation indicators’ consensus; the fundamental needs of
policies and economic theory; the definitions and scope of innovation; and the lessons
to be learned from other researches. Conducted jointly by OECD and Eurostat, the
Oslo Manual was written for and by experts from around 30 countries that collect and
analyze data on innovation. However, despite this manual observing that innovation
occurs in different sectors of the economy, its approach prioritizes commercial relations. In order to observe social innovation, sources aimed at non-market-oriented
processes should be sought.
Also in the spirit of encouraging research, Eletrobras Holding planned for the year
2020 the creation of the Innovation Award, aiming to reward its subsidiary companies and Cepel. It is a prize divided into three categories: (1) finalistic (generation
and commercialization, transmission, services); (2) management and support; and
(3) socio-environmental. Each of these categories is further subdivided into three
modalities: (a) solutions from Eletrobras’ R&D projects, as well as from generation
and transmission companies; (b) solutions from initiatives developed by Eletrobras’
employees, and generation and transmission companies; and, finally, (c) solutions
from Cepel’s R&D projects or initiatives developed by its employees. Due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, the award implementation had to be postponed.
5 Characteristics of Brazilian Legislation Related
to Distributed Micro- and Mini-generation
ANEEL Normative Resolution (REN) No. 482 of April 17, 2012, is the regulation
which defines what is distributed micro- and mini-generation, as well as establishing
the guidelines for network connection and the electric energy compensation system
(considering that since its inception publication three other changes occurred, 2012,
2015 and 2017 [2]). In December 2019, a public hearing was held for its review, as
established at the time of the change promoted in 2015. This REN initially presented a
more generic configuration, where it established microgeneration as that of installed
power up to 100 kW and mini-generation in the range between 100 kW and 1 MW
(for sources based on hydraulic, solar, wind, biomass or qualified cogeneration). Also
establishing the definition of electric energy compensation as a system in which the
active energy generated by the consuming unit compensates the consumption of
active electrical energy, according to the items I, II and III of article 2nd.
At first, REN was very limited as to the profile of the consumer who could claim
connection to the system for compensation purposes. It established the deadlines
for electricity concessionaires to adapt to the legislation and defined responsibilities
105
In addition to the mentioned laws, the Oslo Manual (which is a proposal for
guidelines in data collection and interpretation on technological innovation, as well as
being the printed and translated version in Brazil, was made by Studies and Projects’s
Financier [FINEP]) helps Brazil to guide and rank its research. This Manual distinguishes four types of innovation: product, process, marketing and organizational. It is
based on: the demand for innovation indicators’ consensus; the fundamental needs of
policies and economic theory; the definitions and scope of innovation; and the lessons
to be learned from other researches. Conducted jointly by OECD and Eurostat, the
Oslo Manual was written for and by experts from around 30 countries that collect and
analyze data on innovation. However, despite this manual observing that innovation
occurs in different sectors of the economy, its approach prioritizes commercial relations. In order to observe social innovation, sources aimed at non-market-oriented
processes should be sought.
Also in the spirit of encouraging research, Eletrobras Holding planned for the year
2020 the creation of the Innovation Award, aiming to reward its subsidiary companies and Cepel. It is a prize divided into three categories: (1) finalistic (generation
and commercialization, transmission, services); (2) management and support; and
(3) socio-environmental. Each of these categories is further subdivided into three
modalities: (a) solutions from Eletrobras’ R&D projects, as well as from generation
and transmission companies; (b) solutions from initiatives developed by Eletrobras’
employees, and generation and transmission companies; and, finally, (c) solutions
from Cepel’s R&D projects or initiatives developed by its employees. Due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, the award implementation had to be postponed.
5 Characteristics of Brazilian Legislation Related
to Distributed Micro- and Mini-generation
ANEEL Normative Resolution (REN) No. 482 of April 17, 2012, is the regulation
which defines what is distributed micro- and mini-generation, as well as establishing
the guidelines for network connection and the electric energy compensation system
(considering that since its inception publication three other changes occurred, 2012,
2015 and 2017 [2]). In December 2019, a public hearing was held for its review, as
established at the time of the change promoted in 2015. This REN initially presented a
more generic configuration, where it established microgeneration as that of installed
power up to 100 kW and mini-generation in the range between 100 kW and 1 MW
(for sources based on hydraulic, solar, wind, biomass or qualified cogeneration). Also
establishing the definition of electric energy compensation as a system in which the
active energy generated by the consuming unit compensates the consumption of
active electrical energy, according to the items I, II and III of article 2nd.
At first, REN was very limited as to the profile of the consumer who could claim
connection to the system for compensation purposes. It established the deadlines
for electricity concessionaires to adapt to the legislation and defined responsibilities