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and they are connected in their behaviour (Alexander, 2001–2005a, p. 288). Lovelock and Margulis
have put forward in the Gaia Hypothesis (1974) that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a self-regulating, complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions
for life on the planet (Lovelock & Margulis, 1974). This self- regulating complex system of the Earth
is interconnected within many systems on the planet and in the biosphere and reflects the characteristics of not-separateness, as depicted in Fig. 9.23.
The examples of the 15 fundamental properties [of wholeness] reflected in this section clearly
indicate that these properties appear repeatedly in nature; they occur in different scales, and they occur
in a specific order. These properties arise naturally as a result of the natural transformation in the
process of morphogenesis, unfolding in a specific order (Mehaffy, 2009b; Seamon, 2007; Alexander,
2001–2005a).
Fig. 9.19 The echoes in the forming system of a Lily, and elements of trees. (Drawing by Jesse Delmo, synthesised by
Roös)
9.6 Fifteen Fundamental Properties
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