53
sharply curtailed. That difference might very well be the difference between the
dock surviving or being surrendered to the encroaching ocean.
Acknowledgments Funding for reconstructing relative sea-level change in North Carolina came
from the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and
the University of Pennsylvania. We would like to thank our wonderful colleagues at East Carolina
University (in particular Steve Culver, Dave Mallinson, Stan Riggs, Dorothea Ames, and Reide
Corbett) for inviting us to work closely with them to understand the recent geological history of the
Outer Banks and for being so welcoming and supportive of us over the past 15 years. We are also
grateful to our colleagues who offered their time and hard work during fieldwork campaigns in
North Carolina including Andrea Hawkes, Matthew Wright, Candace Grand-Pre, and Simon
Engelhart.
If You Would Like More Information
Church JA, White NJ (2011) Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv
Geophys 32:585–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9119-1
Clark JA, Farrell WE, Peltier WR (1978) Global changes in postglacial sea level: a numerical
calculation. Quat Res 9:265–287
Dawson A (2018) Introducing sea-level change. Dunedin Academic Press, Edinburgh
Dutton A, Carlson AE, Long AJ, Milne GA et al (2015) Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass
loss during past warm periods. Science 349:aaa4019. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4019
Engelhart SE, Horton BP (2012) Holocene sea level database for the Atlantic coast of the United
States. Quat Sci Rev 54:12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.013
Horton BP, Kopp RE, Garner AJ, Ha CC et al (2018) Mapping sea-level change in time,
space, and probability. Annu Rev Environ Resour 43:481–521. https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev-environ-102017-025826
Kemp AC, Horton BP, Donnelly JP, Mann ME et al (2011) Climate related sea-level variations over
the past two millennia. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:11017–11022
Kopp RE, Kemp AC, Bittermann K, Horton BP et al (2016) Temperature-driven global sea-level
variability in the Common Era. Proc Natl Acad Sci:201517056. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1517056113
Lambeck K, Rouby H, Purcell A, Sun Y et al (2014) Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last
Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 11:15296–15303
Milne GA, Gehrels WR, Hughes CW, Tamisiea ME (2009) Identifying the causes of sea-level
change. Nat Geosci 2:471–478. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo544
Pirazzoli PA (1991) World atlas of Holocene sea-level changes, Elsevier oceanography series, vol
58. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–299
Shennan I, Long AJ, Horton BP (2015) Handbook of sea-level research. Wiley, Chichester
3 Time and Tide Wait for No Man
sharply curtailed. That difference might very well be the difference between the
dock surviving or being surrendered to the encroaching ocean.
Acknowledgments Funding for reconstructing relative sea-level change in North Carolina came
from the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and
the University of Pennsylvania. We would like to thank our wonderful colleagues at East Carolina
University (in particular Steve Culver, Dave Mallinson, Stan Riggs, Dorothea Ames, and Reide
Corbett) for inviting us to work closely with them to understand the recent geological history of the
Outer Banks and for being so welcoming and supportive of us over the past 15 years. We are also
grateful to our colleagues who offered their time and hard work during fieldwork campaigns in
North Carolina including Andrea Hawkes, Matthew Wright, Candace Grand-Pre, and Simon
Engelhart.
If You Would Like More Information
Church JA, White NJ (2011) Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv
Geophys 32:585–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9119-1
Clark JA, Farrell WE, Peltier WR (1978) Global changes in postglacial sea level: a numerical
calculation. Quat Res 9:265–287
Dawson A (2018) Introducing sea-level change. Dunedin Academic Press, Edinburgh
Dutton A, Carlson AE, Long AJ, Milne GA et al (2015) Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass
loss during past warm periods. Science 349:aaa4019. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4019
Engelhart SE, Horton BP (2012) Holocene sea level database for the Atlantic coast of the United
States. Quat Sci Rev 54:12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.013
Horton BP, Kopp RE, Garner AJ, Ha CC et al (2018) Mapping sea-level change in time,
space, and probability. Annu Rev Environ Resour 43:481–521. https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev-environ-102017-025826
Kemp AC, Horton BP, Donnelly JP, Mann ME et al (2011) Climate related sea-level variations over
the past two millennia. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:11017–11022
Kopp RE, Kemp AC, Bittermann K, Horton BP et al (2016) Temperature-driven global sea-level
variability in the Common Era. Proc Natl Acad Sci:201517056. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1517056113
Lambeck K, Rouby H, Purcell A, Sun Y et al (2014) Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last
Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 11:15296–15303
Milne GA, Gehrels WR, Hughes CW, Tamisiea ME (2009) Identifying the causes of sea-level
change. Nat Geosci 2:471–478. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo544
Pirazzoli PA (1991) World atlas of Holocene sea-level changes, Elsevier oceanography series, vol
58. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–299
Shennan I, Long AJ, Horton BP (2015) Handbook of sea-level research. Wiley, Chichester
3 Time and Tide Wait for No Man