Farmer VC, Lumsdon DG (2001) Interactions of fulvic acid with
aluminium and a proto-imogolite sol: the contribution of E-horizon
eluates to podzolization. Eur J Soil Sci 52:177–188
Farmer VC, Russell JD, Berrow ML (1980) Imogolite and proto-imogolite
allophane in spodic horizons: evidence for a mobile aluminium silicate
complex in podzol formation. J Soil Sci 31:673–684
Farmer VC, Russell JD, Smith BFL (1983) Extraction of inorganic
forms of translocated Al, Fe and Si from a podzol Bs horizon. J Soil
Sci 34:571–576
Farmer VC, Mew B, Clayden B et al (1984) Hypothesis on the
pedogenesis of the ‘gley podzols’ of the west coast of South Island,
New Zealand. J Soil Sci 35:99–102
Farmer VC, McHardy WJ, Robertson L et al (1985) Micromorphology
and sub-microscopy of allophane and imogolite in a podzol Bs
horizon: evidence for translocation and origin. J Soil Sci 36:87–95
Hewitt AE (2010) New Zealand Soil Classification, 3rd edn. Landcare
research science series no. 1, Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New
Zealand
Jongkind AG, Buurman P (2006) The effect of kauri (Agathis australis)
on grain size distribution and clay mineralogy of andesitic soils in
the Waitakere Ranges, New Zealand. Geoderma 134:171–186
Jongkind AG, Velthorst E, Buurman P (2007) Soil chemical properties
under kauri (Agathis australis) in the Waitakere Ranges, New
Zealand. Geoderma 141:320–331
Jongmans AG, van Breemen N, Lundström US et al (1997)
Rock-eating fungi. Nature 389:682–683
Kaplan MR, Schaefer JM, Denton GH et al (2010) Glacier retreat in New
Zealand during the Younger Dryas stadial. Nature 467:194–197
Lee R (ed) (1980) Soil groups of New Zealand, Part 5, Podzols and
Gley Podzols. New Zealand Soil Science Society, Wellington
Lundström US, van Breeman N, Bain D (2000) The podzolisation
process. A review. Geoderma 94:91–107
Mew G (1983) Applications of the term ‘pakihi’ in New Zealand—a
review. J Roy Soc New Zealand 13:175–198
Orwin J (2013) Kauri-forest. www.teara.govt.nz/en/kauri-forest
Palmer DJ, Lowe DJ, Payn TW et al (2005) Soil and foliar phosphorus
as indicators of sustainability for Pinus radiata plantation forestry in
New Zealand. For Ecol Manage 220:140–154
Peltzer DA, Wardle DA, Allison VJ et al (2010) Understanding
ecosystem retrogression. Ecol Monogr 80:509–529
Richardson RJH (1985) Quaternary geology of the North Kaipara barrier,
Northland, New Zealand. NZ J Geol Geophys 28(1):111–127
Richardson SJ, Peltzer DA, Allan RB et al (2004) Rapid development
of phosphorus limitation in temperate rainforest along the Franz
Josef soil chronosequence. Oecologia 267–276
Schaetzl RJ, Harris W (2012) Spodosols. In: Huang PM, Li Y,
Summner ME (eds) Handbook of soil sciences, 2nd edn., vol 1.
Properties and process, pp 33.113–33.127
Schaetzl RJ, Mokma DL (1988) A numerical index of podzol and
podzolic soil development. Phys Geogr 9:232–246
Schaetzl RJ, Thompson ML (2015) Soils - genesis and morphology,
2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 778 p
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th edn. USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service, 362 p https://www.nrcs.
usda.gov/wps/PA_NRCSConsumption/download?cid=stelprdb125
2094&ext=pdf
Stephens PR (1963) A chronosequence of soils and vegetation near the
Franz Josef glacier. PhD thesis, Lincoln College, University of
Canterbury, New Zealand
Suggate RP, Almond PC (2005) The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in
western South Island, New Zealand: implications for the global
LGM and MIS 2. Quatern Sci Rev 24:1923–1940
Tonkin PJ, Basher LR (1990) Soil stratigraphic techniques in the study
of soil and landform evolution across the Southern Alps, New
Zealand. Geomorphology 3:547–575
Turner BL, Condron LM (2013) Pedogenesis, nutrient dynamics, and
ecosystem development: the legacy of T.W. Walker and J.K Syers.
Plant Soil 367:1–10
Turney CSM, Roberts RG, de Jonge N et al (2007) Redating the
advance of the New Zealand Franz Josef Glacier during the last
termination: evidence for asynchronous climate change. Quatern Sci
Rev 26:3037–3042
Ugolini FC, Dahlgren RA (1991) Weathering environments and
occurrence of imogolite/allophane in selected Andisols and Spodosols. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55:1166–1171
Ugolini FC, Dawson H, Zachara J (1977) Direct evidence of particle
migration in the soil solution of a Podzol. Science 198:603–605
Ugolini FC, Dahlgren RA, Shoji S et al (1988) An example of
andosolization and podzolization as revealed by soil solution studies,
southern Hakkoda, northeastern Japan. Soil Sci 145:111–125
Ugolini FC, Dahlgren R, LaManna J et al (1991) Mineralogy and
weathering processes in Recent and Holocene tephra deposits of the
Pacific Northwest, USA. Geoderma 51:277–299
van Breemen N, Lundström US, Jongmans AG (2000) Do plants drive
podzolization via rock-eating mycorrhizal fungi? Geoderma
94:163–171
Vandergoes MJ, Dieffenbacher-Krall AC, Newnham RM (2008)
Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New
Zealand, during the Antarctic cold reversal. Quatern Sci Rev
27:589–601
Vandergoes MJ, Hogg AG, Lowe DJ et al (2013) A revised age for the
Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra, a key marker for the Last Glacial
Maximum in New Zealand. Quatern Sci Rev 74:195–201
Vandergoes MJ, Newnham RM, Denton GH et al (2013) The anatomy
of Last Glacial Maximum climate change in the southern
mid-latitudes derived from pollen records in south Westland, New
Zealand. Quatern Sci Rev 74:170–194
Verkaik E, Braakhekke WG (2007) Kauri trees (Agathis australis)
affect nutrient, water and light availability for their seedlings. New
Zealand J Ecol 31:39–46
Verkaik E, Jongkind AG, Berendes F (2006) Short-term and long-term
effects of tannins on nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition in kauri (Agathis australis) forests. Plant Soil 287:337–345
Vucetich CG (1981) Grange and New Zealand soil science. Geol Soc
New Zealand Newsl 54:46–49
Walker TW, Syres JK (1976) The fate of phosphorus during
pedogenesis. Geoderma 15:1–19
Wang C, McKeague JA, Kodama H (1986) Pedogenic imogolite and
soil environments: case study of spodosols in Quebec. Canada Soil
Sci Soc Am J 50:711–718
Wells N, Northy RD (1985) Strengths of a densipan, humus-pan, and
clay-pan in a spodosol developed under kauri (Agathis australis)
and the implications for soil classification. Geoderma 35:1–13
Williams PA, Courtney S, Glenny D et al (1990) Pakihi and
surrounding vegetation in north Westland, South Island. J Roy
Soc New Zealand 20:179–203
Wood V (2003) Appraising soil fertility in early colonial New Zealand:
the ‘biometric fallacy’ and beyond. Environ Hist 9:393–405
World Reference Base (2015 update) https://www.fao.org/3/a-i3794e.
pdf
Young AW (1988) A catena of soils on Bealey Spur, Canterbury, New
Zealand. PhD thesis. Lincoln University, NZ
Further Reading
177
aluminium and a proto-imogolite sol: the contribution of E-horizon
eluates to podzolization. Eur J Soil Sci 52:177–188
Farmer VC, Russell JD, Berrow ML (1980) Imogolite and proto-imogolite
allophane in spodic horizons: evidence for a mobile aluminium silicate
complex in podzol formation. J Soil Sci 31:673–684
Farmer VC, Russell JD, Smith BFL (1983) Extraction of inorganic
forms of translocated Al, Fe and Si from a podzol Bs horizon. J Soil
Sci 34:571–576
Farmer VC, Mew B, Clayden B et al (1984) Hypothesis on the
pedogenesis of the ‘gley podzols’ of the west coast of South Island,
New Zealand. J Soil Sci 35:99–102
Farmer VC, McHardy WJ, Robertson L et al (1985) Micromorphology
and sub-microscopy of allophane and imogolite in a podzol Bs
horizon: evidence for translocation and origin. J Soil Sci 36:87–95
Hewitt AE (2010) New Zealand Soil Classification, 3rd edn. Landcare
research science series no. 1, Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New
Zealand
Jongkind AG, Buurman P (2006) The effect of kauri (Agathis australis)
on grain size distribution and clay mineralogy of andesitic soils in
the Waitakere Ranges, New Zealand. Geoderma 134:171–186
Jongkind AG, Velthorst E, Buurman P (2007) Soil chemical properties
under kauri (Agathis australis) in the Waitakere Ranges, New
Zealand. Geoderma 141:320–331
Jongmans AG, van Breemen N, Lundström US et al (1997)
Rock-eating fungi. Nature 389:682–683
Kaplan MR, Schaefer JM, Denton GH et al (2010) Glacier retreat in New
Zealand during the Younger Dryas stadial. Nature 467:194–197
Lee R (ed) (1980) Soil groups of New Zealand, Part 5, Podzols and
Gley Podzols. New Zealand Soil Science Society, Wellington
Lundström US, van Breeman N, Bain D (2000) The podzolisation
process. A review. Geoderma 94:91–107
Mew G (1983) Applications of the term ‘pakihi’ in New Zealand—a
review. J Roy Soc New Zealand 13:175–198
Orwin J (2013) Kauri-forest. www.teara.govt.nz/en/kauri-forest
Palmer DJ, Lowe DJ, Payn TW et al (2005) Soil and foliar phosphorus
as indicators of sustainability for Pinus radiata plantation forestry in
New Zealand. For Ecol Manage 220:140–154
Peltzer DA, Wardle DA, Allison VJ et al (2010) Understanding
ecosystem retrogression. Ecol Monogr 80:509–529
Richardson RJH (1985) Quaternary geology of the North Kaipara barrier,
Northland, New Zealand. NZ J Geol Geophys 28(1):111–127
Richardson SJ, Peltzer DA, Allan RB et al (2004) Rapid development
of phosphorus limitation in temperate rainforest along the Franz
Josef soil chronosequence. Oecologia 267–276
Schaetzl RJ, Harris W (2012) Spodosols. In: Huang PM, Li Y,
Summner ME (eds) Handbook of soil sciences, 2nd edn., vol 1.
Properties and process, pp 33.113–33.127
Schaetzl RJ, Mokma DL (1988) A numerical index of podzol and
podzolic soil development. Phys Geogr 9:232–246
Schaetzl RJ, Thompson ML (2015) Soils - genesis and morphology,
2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 778 p
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th edn. USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service, 362 p https://www.nrcs.
usda.gov/wps/PA_NRCSConsumption/download?cid=stelprdb125
2094&ext=pdf
Stephens PR (1963) A chronosequence of soils and vegetation near the
Franz Josef glacier. PhD thesis, Lincoln College, University of
Canterbury, New Zealand
Suggate RP, Almond PC (2005) The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in
western South Island, New Zealand: implications for the global
LGM and MIS 2. Quatern Sci Rev 24:1923–1940
Tonkin PJ, Basher LR (1990) Soil stratigraphic techniques in the study
of soil and landform evolution across the Southern Alps, New
Zealand. Geomorphology 3:547–575
Turner BL, Condron LM (2013) Pedogenesis, nutrient dynamics, and
ecosystem development: the legacy of T.W. Walker and J.K Syers.
Plant Soil 367:1–10
Turney CSM, Roberts RG, de Jonge N et al (2007) Redating the
advance of the New Zealand Franz Josef Glacier during the last
termination: evidence for asynchronous climate change. Quatern Sci
Rev 26:3037–3042
Ugolini FC, Dahlgren RA (1991) Weathering environments and
occurrence of imogolite/allophane in selected Andisols and Spodosols. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55:1166–1171
Ugolini FC, Dawson H, Zachara J (1977) Direct evidence of particle
migration in the soil solution of a Podzol. Science 198:603–605
Ugolini FC, Dahlgren RA, Shoji S et al (1988) An example of
andosolization and podzolization as revealed by soil solution studies,
southern Hakkoda, northeastern Japan. Soil Sci 145:111–125
Ugolini FC, Dahlgren R, LaManna J et al (1991) Mineralogy and
weathering processes in Recent and Holocene tephra deposits of the
Pacific Northwest, USA. Geoderma 51:277–299
van Breemen N, Lundström US, Jongmans AG (2000) Do plants drive
podzolization via rock-eating mycorrhizal fungi? Geoderma
94:163–171
Vandergoes MJ, Dieffenbacher-Krall AC, Newnham RM (2008)
Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New
Zealand, during the Antarctic cold reversal. Quatern Sci Rev
27:589–601
Vandergoes MJ, Hogg AG, Lowe DJ et al (2013) A revised age for the
Kawakawa/Oruanui tephra, a key marker for the Last Glacial
Maximum in New Zealand. Quatern Sci Rev 74:195–201
Vandergoes MJ, Newnham RM, Denton GH et al (2013) The anatomy
of Last Glacial Maximum climate change in the southern
mid-latitudes derived from pollen records in south Westland, New
Zealand. Quatern Sci Rev 74:170–194
Verkaik E, Braakhekke WG (2007) Kauri trees (Agathis australis)
affect nutrient, water and light availability for their seedlings. New
Zealand J Ecol 31:39–46
Verkaik E, Jongkind AG, Berendes F (2006) Short-term and long-term
effects of tannins on nitrogen mineralisation and litter decomposition in kauri (Agathis australis) forests. Plant Soil 287:337–345
Vucetich CG (1981) Grange and New Zealand soil science. Geol Soc
New Zealand Newsl 54:46–49
Walker TW, Syres JK (1976) The fate of phosphorus during
pedogenesis. Geoderma 15:1–19
Wang C, McKeague JA, Kodama H (1986) Pedogenic imogolite and
soil environments: case study of spodosols in Quebec. Canada Soil
Sci Soc Am J 50:711–718
Wells N, Northy RD (1985) Strengths of a densipan, humus-pan, and
clay-pan in a spodosol developed under kauri (Agathis australis)
and the implications for soil classification. Geoderma 35:1–13
Williams PA, Courtney S, Glenny D et al (1990) Pakihi and
surrounding vegetation in north Westland, South Island. J Roy
Soc New Zealand 20:179–203
Wood V (2003) Appraising soil fertility in early colonial New Zealand:
the ‘biometric fallacy’ and beyond. Environ Hist 9:393–405
World Reference Base (2015 update) https://www.fao.org/3/a-i3794e.
Young AW (1988) A catena of soils on Bealey Spur, Canterbury, New
Zealand. PhD thesis. Lincoln University, NZ
Further Reading
177