Carapa guianensis Audl.
The bark and seed oil extracts of C. guianensis are composed of alkaloids and
terpenoids, respectively, which is used for antipyretic and antiallergic, antiparasitic,
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and also having anti-wound healing medication
purpose, respectively. Leaf and fruit extracts were traditional medicine for treatment
of itching and intestinal worms. The crab or carap oil is composed of many fatty
acids such as oleic acid, linolic acid, and palmitic acid which is used for preparation
of skin and hair care products (Campos et al. 2007; Cabral et al. 2013; Henriques
and Penido 2014; Letawe et al. 1998; Miranda Júnior et al. 2012; Nayak et al. 2010;
Pereira et al. 2014).
Cocos nucifera L.
Parts of C. nucifera plant are used for the traditional medicine, for example, in
Brazil, Haiti, Papua New Guinea it used for treatment of arthritis from the husk
fiber, root extracts are used to treat diarrhea, amenorrhea, and stomach pins,
respectively. As per Indonesian and Fijan beliefs, coconut oil prevents hair loss.
These are causes for the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenes,
steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and condensed tannins as well as fatty acids and
vitamin E in different parts of plant. For these causes, coconut oil is base essential
element for hair conditioners, shampoos, shower gel, sunscreens, moisturizers,
body butters, nourishing, and emollients, skin infections, anti-aging, prevents dry
skin and anti-redness (Da Fonseca et al. 2014; Esquenazi et al. 2002; Gopala et al.
2010; Holdsworth 1992; Lima et al. 2015; Sachs et al. 2002; Weniger et al. 1986).
Copaifera guyanensis Desf.
Copaiba oils extracted from C. guyanensis (Fig. 19.2) tree trunk and bark have been
many medicinal and cosmetic properties, were already known to American Indians.
The trunk of C. guyanensis is used for injured animals to heal their wound and also
it could be used for the treatment of skin diseases, to stimulate wound healing,
infections, inflammations, and malignancies. Copaiba oils consist of biologically
active chemical constituents such as diterpenens and sesquiterpenes, kaurenoic acid,
copalic acid and caryophyllene. Because of these, they exhibit antibacterial, antieczema, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal (especially S. aureus) and
antioxidant properties. Hence, copaiba oils are significantly used in cosmetic
industry in scars, stretch masks, shampoos, capillary lotions, soaps, bathing foams,
and anti-acne (Da Silva et al. 2012; Leandro et al. 2012; Lucas et al. 2017; Veiga
et al. 2007).
Cucumis sativus L.
The plant of C. sativus is composed of more than 90% of water; also contains
vitamin B, C, & K and b-carotene phenols and flavonoids phytochemicals. C.
sativus fruits, fruit juices, fruit water, and fruit extracts are essential to be used in
cosmetic formulation, the water considerably is essential benefit for the skin such as
skin conditioning, eye and facial makeup, neck and face products, bath foams,
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N. R. Desam and A. J. Al-Rajab
The bark and seed oil extracts of C. guianensis are composed of alkaloids and
terpenoids, respectively, which is used for antipyretic and antiallergic, antiparasitic,
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and also having anti-wound healing medication
purpose, respectively. Leaf and fruit extracts were traditional medicine for treatment
of itching and intestinal worms. The crab or carap oil is composed of many fatty
acids such as oleic acid, linolic acid, and palmitic acid which is used for preparation
of skin and hair care products (Campos et al. 2007; Cabral et al. 2013; Henriques
and Penido 2014; Letawe et al. 1998; Miranda Júnior et al. 2012; Nayak et al. 2010;
Pereira et al. 2014).
Cocos nucifera L.
Parts of C. nucifera plant are used for the traditional medicine, for example, in
Brazil, Haiti, Papua New Guinea it used for treatment of arthritis from the husk
fiber, root extracts are used to treat diarrhea, amenorrhea, and stomach pins,
respectively. As per Indonesian and Fijan beliefs, coconut oil prevents hair loss.
These are causes for the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenes,
steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and condensed tannins as well as fatty acids and
vitamin E in different parts of plant. For these causes, coconut oil is base essential
element for hair conditioners, shampoos, shower gel, sunscreens, moisturizers,
body butters, nourishing, and emollients, skin infections, anti-aging, prevents dry
skin and anti-redness (Da Fonseca et al. 2014; Esquenazi et al. 2002; Gopala et al.
2010; Holdsworth 1992; Lima et al. 2015; Sachs et al. 2002; Weniger et al. 1986).
Copaifera guyanensis Desf.
Copaiba oils extracted from C. guyanensis (Fig. 19.2) tree trunk and bark have been
many medicinal and cosmetic properties, were already known to American Indians.
The trunk of C. guyanensis is used for injured animals to heal their wound and also
it could be used for the treatment of skin diseases, to stimulate wound healing,
infections, inflammations, and malignancies. Copaiba oils consist of biologically
active chemical constituents such as diterpenens and sesquiterpenes, kaurenoic acid,
copalic acid and caryophyllene. Because of these, they exhibit antibacterial, antieczema, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal (especially S. aureus) and
antioxidant properties. Hence, copaiba oils are significantly used in cosmetic
industry in scars, stretch masks, shampoos, capillary lotions, soaps, bathing foams,
and anti-acne (Da Silva et al. 2012; Leandro et al. 2012; Lucas et al. 2017; Veiga
et al. 2007).
Cucumis sativus L.
The plant of C. sativus is composed of more than 90% of water; also contains
vitamin B, C, & K and b-carotene phenols and flavonoids phytochemicals. C.
sativus fruits, fruit juices, fruit water, and fruit extracts are essential to be used in
cosmetic formulation, the water considerably is essential benefit for the skin such as
skin conditioning, eye and facial makeup, neck and face products, bath foams,
654
N. R. Desam and A. J. Al-Rajab