19.5 Extraction and Isolation of Natural Products
or Essential Oils
Natural products or volatile oils extracted by using different methods could be
applied for essential oil extraction, such as steam distillation, hydro distillation,
solvent extraction, or continuous extraction such as Soxhlet extraction, liquid–solid
extraction, liquid carbon dioxide, microwave extraction. Generally, for essential oil
extraction hydrodistillation or steam distillation quintessential is used, resulting in
less molecular weight, mixture of chemical constitutes is obtained. For example,
Lamiaceae and Citrus families have used steam and hydrodistillation. For extraction
of natural products, Soxhlet extraction and liquid–solid extraction quintessential are
used, resulting in high molecular weight of the compound.
All these natural products and essential oils are mixtures with the other chemical
constituents from the natural sources; the products must be isolated and purified.
Isolated purified compounds are acquired in milligrams to grams. After extraction,
natural products or essential oils are isolated using these methods by adsorption,
precipitation, chromatography, and crystallization methods, etc. After isolation
product needs to study chemical and physical properties, chemical structure elucidation, and structural activity of relationship of the product.
19.6 Plants-Derived Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
A rich and diverse traditional medicinal system has been employed for traditional
medicine using different variety of plants worldwide. The uses of these plants in the
world thoroughly have been addressed by Raghoenandan (Hindustani), van’t
Klooster (Maroons), van Adel and Ruysschaert (Creoles), and Tjong Ayong
(Javanese) (Raghoenandan 1994; Tjong Ayong 1989; Van Andel and Ruysschaert
2011; Van’t Klooster et al. 2016). Around 789 medicinal plants have been published in the Surinamese, among 10% (%seventy two) of plants were used for the
purpose of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Among seventy-two plants, three quarter
(fifty eight) is used cosmeceuticals for treating scars, warts, pimple, pigment skin,
scaly skin, skin vexation, inflammation, pustules, and boils as well as skin fungi and
skin parasites. These properties indicated plants have significant cosmaceuticals and
medicinal properties. More than twenty-five plant families are belonging to the
cosmeceuticals, which are recommended for treating the skin-related problems.
More than 20% of medicinal plants have been used for cosmetics and cosmeceuticals which include perfumes, skin care, hair care, refreshment and steam bath and
some of the cosmetics and cosmeceutical plants as shown in Table 19.1.
648
N. R. Desam and A. J. Al-Rajab
or Essential Oils
Natural products or volatile oils extracted by using different methods could be
applied for essential oil extraction, such as steam distillation, hydro distillation,
solvent extraction, or continuous extraction such as Soxhlet extraction, liquid–solid
extraction, liquid carbon dioxide, microwave extraction. Generally, for essential oil
extraction hydrodistillation or steam distillation quintessential is used, resulting in
less molecular weight, mixture of chemical constitutes is obtained. For example,
Lamiaceae and Citrus families have used steam and hydrodistillation. For extraction
of natural products, Soxhlet extraction and liquid–solid extraction quintessential are
used, resulting in high molecular weight of the compound.
All these natural products and essential oils are mixtures with the other chemical
constituents from the natural sources; the products must be isolated and purified.
Isolated purified compounds are acquired in milligrams to grams. After extraction,
natural products or essential oils are isolated using these methods by adsorption,
precipitation, chromatography, and crystallization methods, etc. After isolation
product needs to study chemical and physical properties, chemical structure elucidation, and structural activity of relationship of the product.
19.6 Plants-Derived Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
A rich and diverse traditional medicinal system has been employed for traditional
medicine using different variety of plants worldwide. The uses of these plants in the
world thoroughly have been addressed by Raghoenandan (Hindustani), van’t
Klooster (Maroons), van Adel and Ruysschaert (Creoles), and Tjong Ayong
(Javanese) (Raghoenandan 1994; Tjong Ayong 1989; Van Andel and Ruysschaert
2011; Van’t Klooster et al. 2016). Around 789 medicinal plants have been published in the Surinamese, among 10% (%seventy two) of plants were used for the
purpose of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Among seventy-two plants, three quarter
(fifty eight) is used cosmeceuticals for treating scars, warts, pimple, pigment skin,
scaly skin, skin vexation, inflammation, pustules, and boils as well as skin fungi and
skin parasites. These properties indicated plants have significant cosmaceuticals and
medicinal properties. More than twenty-five plant families are belonging to the
cosmeceuticals, which are recommended for treating the skin-related problems.
More than 20% of medicinal plants have been used for cosmetics and cosmeceuticals which include perfumes, skin care, hair care, refreshment and steam bath and
some of the cosmetics and cosmeceutical plants as shown in Table 19.1.
648
N. R. Desam and A. J. Al-Rajab