Also, the other protein sources are marine mammals, algae, bacteria, etc. Seal
liver is recently documented as an enriching source of protein as same as the
amount of it present in beef liver (Asha et al. 2014). Different species of Whales
reported as an excellent source of protein ranges from (17–24%) (Lordan et al.
2011). Another example of protein source is Laminaria (alga) and their different
species having a total content of 14% of crude protein. The EAA which is found in
Laminaria includes aspartic acid, glutanic acid, glycine, alonine, valive, leucine,
isoleucine, and also some serine, threonine, proline, phenylalanine, lysine and a
small amount of arginine (Rasmussen and Morrissey 2007; Cho et al. 2008).
Spirulina, which is a biomass of cyanobacteria is reported as rich in high protein
content which ranges from 60 to 70% with an ample amount of EAA like leucin
tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, and valine
(Kim et al. 2010). It also helps in repairing damages, lowering total cholesterol
(CDC), raising good cholesterol (HDC) and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent
(Bocanegra et al. 2009). In Table 17.2 protein percentage in a marine organism is
mentioned.
17.2.2 Lipids and Fatty Acids
Omega-3 or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play a vital role to keep the human
body healthy and free from various diseases like CVS, retinal diseases, diabetics,
etc. On various chemical and biological analyses, it is found that a regular consumption of seafood like fishes, crabs, etc. can help to lower the risk of cardiac
Table 17.1 Name of essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid
S. No.
Essential amino acids
(eaas)
Non-essential
amino acids
(neaas)
1
Histidine (His)
Alanine (Ala)
2
Isoleucine (Ile)
Arginine (Arg)
3
Leucine (Leu)
Asparagines
(Asn)
4
Lysine (Lys)
Aspartic acid
(Asp)
5
Methionine (Met)
Cysteine (Cys)
6
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Glutamic acid
(Glu)
7
Threonine (Thr)
Glutamine (Gln)
8
Tryptophan (Trp)
Glycine (Gly)
9
Valine (Val)
Proline (Pro)
10
Serine (Ser)
11
Tyrosine (Tyr)
17 Biological Activities of Marine Products …
589
liver is recently documented as an enriching source of protein as same as the
amount of it present in beef liver (Asha et al. 2014). Different species of Whales
reported as an excellent source of protein ranges from (17–24%) (Lordan et al.
2011). Another example of protein source is Laminaria (alga) and their different
species having a total content of 14% of crude protein. The EAA which is found in
Laminaria includes aspartic acid, glutanic acid, glycine, alonine, valive, leucine,
isoleucine, and also some serine, threonine, proline, phenylalanine, lysine and a
small amount of arginine (Rasmussen and Morrissey 2007; Cho et al. 2008).
Spirulina, which is a biomass of cyanobacteria is reported as rich in high protein
content which ranges from 60 to 70% with an ample amount of EAA like leucin
tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, and valine
(Kim et al. 2010). It also helps in repairing damages, lowering total cholesterol
(CDC), raising good cholesterol (HDC) and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent
(Bocanegra et al. 2009). In Table 17.2 protein percentage in a marine organism is
mentioned.
17.2.2 Lipids and Fatty Acids
Omega-3 or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play a vital role to keep the human
body healthy and free from various diseases like CVS, retinal diseases, diabetics,
etc. On various chemical and biological analyses, it is found that a regular consumption of seafood like fishes, crabs, etc. can help to lower the risk of cardiac
Table 17.1 Name of essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid
S. No.
Essential amino acids
(eaas)
Non-essential
amino acids
(neaas)
1
Histidine (His)
Alanine (Ala)
2
Isoleucine (Ile)
Arginine (Arg)
3
Leucine (Leu)
Asparagines
(Asn)
4
Lysine (Lys)
Aspartic acid
(Asp)
5
Methionine (Met)
Cysteine (Cys)
6
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Glutamic acid
(Glu)
7
Threonine (Thr)
Glutamine (Gln)
8
Tryptophan (Trp)
Glycine (Gly)
9
Valine (Val)
Proline (Pro)
10
Serine (Ser)
11
Tyrosine (Tyr)
17 Biological Activities of Marine Products …
589