A. angustiloba, A. actinophylla (Table 14.1). Other species of Alstonia genus such as
A. boulindaensis, A. constricta, A. coriaceae, A. deplanchi, A. glaucescenes, A.
lanceolate, A. lanciolifera, A. lenormandii, A. mulleriana, A. odontophora, A. plumose, A. quaternata, A. sphaerocapitata, A. undalufolia, A. undulata, A. villosa, A.
vitensis have been reported for the isolation of various phytochemicals but lacks the
evaluation of the pharmacological potencies. Hence, these species are beyond the
scope of this book chapter and have been avoided for further discussions.
14.2 Botanical Description
See Table 14.1.
14.3 Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
14.3.1 Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of
A. Scholaris
14.3.1.1 Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities
Traditional Chinese medicines have highlighted the importance of the aqueous
extract of A. scholaris leaves for relieving tracheitis and cold symptoms. Based on
these reports, numerous attempts have been tried to identify the anti-inflammatory
and analgesic effects of A. scholaris. Although the majority of the reports are
mainly briefed about the use of the whole extract, a few groups tried to identify the
effect of A. scholaris-derived phytochemical in exhibiting desired pharmacological
activities.
Cai et al. isolated scholarisine I and II (1 and 2, Fig. 14.3) from the alkaloidal
fraction of A. scholaris leaves and evaluated its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity
(Cai et al. 2010a). 1 exhibited a non-selective inhibition toward cyclooxygenase
(COX), while 2 resulted in selective inhibition of COX-II with a significant
5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory activity (Table 14.2).
Shang et al. reported the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities (COX-I, COX-II,
and 5-LOX inhibition) of 29 alkaloids (3–31, Fig. 14.4) from the ethanolic extract
of A. scholaris leaves (Shang et al. 2010). Alkaloids fraction resulted in a moderate
anti-inflammatory potential (54–64% inhibition). Among the screened compounds,
16-Formyl-5a-methoxystrictamine (12), picralinal (19), and tubotaiwine (29) exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory activity by selectively inhibiting COX-II and
5-LOX (>90 and 70% inhibition, respectively). As represented in Table 14.3,
Creabanine (6), isogentialutine (14), scholaricine (24), and strictamine (27) showed
the anti-inflammatory activity by selectively inhibiting COX-II enzyme (>90%
466
A. T. Paul et al.
A. boulindaensis, A. constricta, A. coriaceae, A. deplanchi, A. glaucescenes, A.
lanceolate, A. lanciolifera, A. lenormandii, A. mulleriana, A. odontophora, A. plumose, A. quaternata, A. sphaerocapitata, A. undalufolia, A. undulata, A. villosa, A.
vitensis have been reported for the isolation of various phytochemicals but lacks the
evaluation of the pharmacological potencies. Hence, these species are beyond the
scope of this book chapter and have been avoided for further discussions.
14.2 Botanical Description
See Table 14.1.
14.3 Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
14.3.1 Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of
A. Scholaris
14.3.1.1 Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities
Traditional Chinese medicines have highlighted the importance of the aqueous
extract of A. scholaris leaves for relieving tracheitis and cold symptoms. Based on
these reports, numerous attempts have been tried to identify the anti-inflammatory
and analgesic effects of A. scholaris. Although the majority of the reports are
mainly briefed about the use of the whole extract, a few groups tried to identify the
effect of A. scholaris-derived phytochemical in exhibiting desired pharmacological
activities.
Cai et al. isolated scholarisine I and II (1 and 2, Fig. 14.3) from the alkaloidal
fraction of A. scholaris leaves and evaluated its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity
(Cai et al. 2010a). 1 exhibited a non-selective inhibition toward cyclooxygenase
(COX), while 2 resulted in selective inhibition of COX-II with a significant
5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory activity (Table 14.2).
Shang et al. reported the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities (COX-I, COX-II,
and 5-LOX inhibition) of 29 alkaloids (3–31, Fig. 14.4) from the ethanolic extract
of A. scholaris leaves (Shang et al. 2010). Alkaloids fraction resulted in a moderate
anti-inflammatory potential (54–64% inhibition). Among the screened compounds,
16-Formyl-5a-methoxystrictamine (12), picralinal (19), and tubotaiwine (29) exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory activity by selectively inhibiting COX-II and
5-LOX (>90 and 70% inhibition, respectively). As represented in Table 14.3,
Creabanine (6), isogentialutine (14), scholaricine (24), and strictamine (27) showed
the anti-inflammatory activity by selectively inhibiting COX-II enzyme (>90%
466
A. T. Paul et al.