fenugreek seed mucilage concentration in the formulation might have resulted due
to the rise in viscosity of liquid medium which ultimately slow down the water
absorption into the matrix. The natural polymer extracted from fenugreek seed can
be further used to develop wound healing lyophilized products and mucoadhesive
films by incorporating synthetic or semi synthetic polymers.
11.4.5 Bioavailability Enhancer
Limited intestinal absorption is one of the major problems to deliver bioactive
agents efficiently. Krishnakumar et al., developed curcumin impregnated particles
of galactomannan derived from fenugreek in the order of 150 ± 20 µm by using
ultrasound mediated gel phase technique. Enhancement in bioavailability was
observed in formulated particles at pH 1.2 and 6.8 from in vitro studies. Further,
prolonged drug release activity was observed in Wistar rats (20 times higher) and
human volunteers (15.8 times higher) in case of new formulation compared to raw
curcumin (Krishnakumar et al. 2012).
In another study ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple
quadruple electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to evaluate
blood brain barrier permeability, pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of
above-mentioned drug delivery system and free curcuminoids in Wistar rats.
These formulations of curcumin with fenugreek fibre were administered to the
rats with value of 200 mg/kg body weight. Post administration of tissue samples
obtained from rats demonstrated 25 times enhancement in bioavailability of
fibre-based curcumin than the native. Effective blood brain barrier permeability also
noticed from the tissue distribution of free curcuminoids at brain, heart, liver and
kidney than standard curcumin (Krishnakumar et al. 2015). A dynamic fenugreek
galactomannan-based formulation can be developed in near future by performing
various investigations such as drug diffusion, transport, distribution and impact
among various tissues.
11.4.6 Microencapsulation of Probiotic
Survival in gastrointestinal acidic and bile habitat is the prime criterion for an ideal
probiotic. Establishment of an effective drug delivery system which successfully
delivers probiotic by oral route and protects it from acidic environment is necessary.
Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria offers a solution for these problems. Various
polymer such as gelatin, alginate, starch, etc., has been used as matrix forming layer
for the probiotic systems (Sohail et al. 2011). Haghshenas et al. designed a smart
probiotic system containing Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN bacteria encapsulated
with alginate–fenugreek–psyllium polymeric blends (Haghshenas et al. 2015a, b). It
was observed that alginate combined with fenugreek or psyllium offers great
394
P. Mishra et al.
to the rise in viscosity of liquid medium which ultimately slow down the water
absorption into the matrix. The natural polymer extracted from fenugreek seed can
be further used to develop wound healing lyophilized products and mucoadhesive
films by incorporating synthetic or semi synthetic polymers.
11.4.5 Bioavailability Enhancer
Limited intestinal absorption is one of the major problems to deliver bioactive
agents efficiently. Krishnakumar et al., developed curcumin impregnated particles
of galactomannan derived from fenugreek in the order of 150 ± 20 µm by using
ultrasound mediated gel phase technique. Enhancement in bioavailability was
observed in formulated particles at pH 1.2 and 6.8 from in vitro studies. Further,
prolonged drug release activity was observed in Wistar rats (20 times higher) and
human volunteers (15.8 times higher) in case of new formulation compared to raw
curcumin (Krishnakumar et al. 2012).
In another study ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple
quadruple electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to evaluate
blood brain barrier permeability, pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of
above-mentioned drug delivery system and free curcuminoids in Wistar rats.
These formulations of curcumin with fenugreek fibre were administered to the
rats with value of 200 mg/kg body weight. Post administration of tissue samples
obtained from rats demonstrated 25 times enhancement in bioavailability of
fibre-based curcumin than the native. Effective blood brain barrier permeability also
noticed from the tissue distribution of free curcuminoids at brain, heart, liver and
kidney than standard curcumin (Krishnakumar et al. 2015). A dynamic fenugreek
galactomannan-based formulation can be developed in near future by performing
various investigations such as drug diffusion, transport, distribution and impact
among various tissues.
11.4.6 Microencapsulation of Probiotic
Survival in gastrointestinal acidic and bile habitat is the prime criterion for an ideal
probiotic. Establishment of an effective drug delivery system which successfully
delivers probiotic by oral route and protects it from acidic environment is necessary.
Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria offers a solution for these problems. Various
polymer such as gelatin, alginate, starch, etc., has been used as matrix forming layer
for the probiotic systems (Sohail et al. 2011). Haghshenas et al. designed a smart
probiotic system containing Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN bacteria encapsulated
with alginate–fenugreek–psyllium polymeric blends (Haghshenas et al. 2015a, b). It
was observed that alginate combined with fenugreek or psyllium offers great
394
P. Mishra et al.