1.2 Types of Plant Metabolites
Plant metabolites were two types such as primary metabolite and secondary
metabolite.
1. Primary metabolites were the basic requirement for growth and development
and it was present in all plants, organisms or cells. Low molecular weight
primary metabolites were important components of crop plants for both consumers and producers. Primary metabolites such as ethanol, lactic acid, and
certain amino acids were the most primary one. Primary metabolism was
referred as trophophase, which was characterized by balanced growth of
microorganisms. It occurred when all the nutrients needed by the organisms
were provided in the medium. Primary metabolism was essential for plant
existence and reproduction of cells. In the trophophase, the cells possessed with
optimal concentrations of all the macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA
etc. In during trophophase, growth of microorganisms was followed the exponential nature. During trophophase, the collective metabolic products were
known as primary metabolites (Croteau et al. 2000).
Basically primary metabolites were subdivided into two groups, such as:
a. Primary essential metabolites: These were the compounds produced in
adequate quantizes to sustain cell growth e.g. vitamins, amino acids,
nucleosides. Primary microorganisms usually do not overproduce essential
primary metabolites because it was wasted. In case of industrial overproduction, the regulatory mechanisms were taken.
b. Primary metabolic end products: These were the normal and traditional end
products of fermentation process of primary metabolism. The end products
had many industrial applications such as in the form of ethanol, acetone and
lactic acid. Carbon dioxide was a metabolic end product of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, which was essential for leavening of dough in baking industry.
Growth limitation: Due to insufficient supply of any nutrient (substrate or even
Oxygen), the growth of microorganisms was slows down. However, the
metabolism does not stop, continues until cell lives with the differentiate product
formation (Pal et al. 2019a).
2. Secondary Metabolites: These are sometimes colored, fragrant and flavorful
compounds, which typically conjugate with plant metabolite and organisms.
Interactions were included pollination through animal such as butterfly, bees,
moths, flies as well as by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses and by foliage,
gastropods and caterpillar. After the ending of exponential growth of microorganisms, idiophase was initiated. Idiophase was characterized by secondary
metabolism. Secondary metabolites (produced in abundance) were not required
by the microorganisms, but it had some industrially very important mainly in the
biotechnology to produce antibiotics, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, plant
hormones and toxins (Pal et al. 2017).
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
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Plant metabolites were two types such as primary metabolite and secondary
metabolite.
1. Primary metabolites were the basic requirement for growth and development
and it was present in all plants, organisms or cells. Low molecular weight
primary metabolites were important components of crop plants for both consumers and producers. Primary metabolites such as ethanol, lactic acid, and
certain amino acids were the most primary one. Primary metabolism was
referred as trophophase, which was characterized by balanced growth of
microorganisms. It occurred when all the nutrients needed by the organisms
were provided in the medium. Primary metabolism was essential for plant
existence and reproduction of cells. In the trophophase, the cells possessed with
optimal concentrations of all the macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA
etc. In during trophophase, growth of microorganisms was followed the exponential nature. During trophophase, the collective metabolic products were
known as primary metabolites (Croteau et al. 2000).
Basically primary metabolites were subdivided into two groups, such as:
a. Primary essential metabolites: These were the compounds produced in
adequate quantizes to sustain cell growth e.g. vitamins, amino acids,
nucleosides. Primary microorganisms usually do not overproduce essential
primary metabolites because it was wasted. In case of industrial overproduction, the regulatory mechanisms were taken.
b. Primary metabolic end products: These were the normal and traditional end
products of fermentation process of primary metabolism. The end products
had many industrial applications such as in the form of ethanol, acetone and
lactic acid. Carbon dioxide was a metabolic end product of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, which was essential for leavening of dough in baking industry.
Growth limitation: Due to insufficient supply of any nutrient (substrate or even
Oxygen), the growth of microorganisms was slows down. However, the
metabolism does not stop, continues until cell lives with the differentiate product
formation (Pal et al. 2019a).
2. Secondary Metabolites: These are sometimes colored, fragrant and flavorful
compounds, which typically conjugate with plant metabolite and organisms.
Interactions were included pollination through animal such as butterfly, bees,
moths, flies as well as by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses and by foliage,
gastropods and caterpillar. After the ending of exponential growth of microorganisms, idiophase was initiated. Idiophase was characterized by secondary
metabolism. Secondary metabolites (produced in abundance) were not required
by the microorganisms, but it had some industrially very important mainly in the
biotechnology to produce antibiotics, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, plant
hormones and toxins (Pal et al. 2017).
1 Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant …
3