associated with blue LED light, which was exposed to the LED for 20 min. The
Germacrene A was identified as the main component. The OEPad presented
MIC ! 1024 lg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli. The combination of EOPad
with antibiotics showed synergistic effect against S. aureus and E. coli which was
potentiated in the presence of blue LED. The results obtained in this study showed
that the essential oil obtained from Piper aduncum interferes with the action of
antibiotics against bacteria exposed to blue LED (Barbosa et al. 2018).
The antimicrobial potential of leaf of Piper caldense essential oil was investigated, and its potential was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined. Besides the
essential oil was also tested as a modulator for several antibiotics, and its effect on
the morphology of Candida albicans (CA) strains was also investigated. The
essential oil modulated the activity of fluconazole against CA URM 4387 strain,
which was demonstrated by the lower IC 50 obtained, 2.7 lg/mL, whereas
fluconazole itself presented an IC50 of 7.76 lg/ml. No modulating effect was
observed in the MFC bioassays. The effect on fungal morphology was observed for
both CA INCQS 40,006 and URM 4387 strains. The results demonstrated that the
oil has potential as an adjuvant in antimicrobial formulations (Bezerra et al. 2020).
A study was carried out with essential oil from the fresh leaves of Hyptis
martiusii to investigate the modulating activity in association with different
antibiotics against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the species. The
research has shown that the essential oil of Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) leaves
presents synergism only in association with gentamicin antibiotics and imipenem
against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. However, it
presents antagonism in association with amikacin, gentamicin, and imipenem
against the three bacteria studied. Apart from ciprofloxacin, no relevant results were
demonstrated. In relation to the cytotoxic activity, the mean lethal concentration
(lc50) exposed a value of 263.12 lg/ml. The results reveled that H. martiusii
presents synergistic cytotoxic activity against the evaluated bacteria (Figueiredo
et al. 2018).
A study carried out by Ferreira et al. (2019) identified the chemical composition
of the Senna spectabilis species, and they analyzed the antimicrobial potential
in vitro and its modulating effect on antibiotic activity. The antibiotics used in the
experiment were aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin), lincosamides (clindamycin), cephalosporins (cephalexin), and azithromycin. The Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica
strains were used in this approach. The results have shown that the antimicrobial
action of the extract of S. spectabilis is only regular; however, in modulation, the
extract in combination with the tested antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against
most of the tested bacteria, potentiating the effect of the antibiotics used.
Ferreira and Costa evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of
Banisteriopsis anisandra (Malpighiaceae) and drug interactions with drugs
widely used in the field of oral health. They obtained the leaf extract and performed
serial dilutions, which were tested against Candida albicans (ATCC 10,231),
274
L. E. da Silva et al.
Germacrene A was identified as the main component. The OEPad presented
MIC ! 1024 lg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli. The combination of EOPad
with antibiotics showed synergistic effect against S. aureus and E. coli which was
potentiated in the presence of blue LED. The results obtained in this study showed
that the essential oil obtained from Piper aduncum interferes with the action of
antibiotics against bacteria exposed to blue LED (Barbosa et al. 2018).
The antimicrobial potential of leaf of Piper caldense essential oil was investigated, and its potential was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined. Besides the
essential oil was also tested as a modulator for several antibiotics, and its effect on
the morphology of Candida albicans (CA) strains was also investigated. The
essential oil modulated the activity of fluconazole against CA URM 4387 strain,
which was demonstrated by the lower IC 50 obtained, 2.7 lg/mL, whereas
fluconazole itself presented an IC50 of 7.76 lg/ml. No modulating effect was
observed in the MFC bioassays. The effect on fungal morphology was observed for
both CA INCQS 40,006 and URM 4387 strains. The results demonstrated that the
oil has potential as an adjuvant in antimicrobial formulations (Bezerra et al. 2020).
A study was carried out with essential oil from the fresh leaves of Hyptis
martiusii to investigate the modulating activity in association with different
antibiotics against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the species. The
research has shown that the essential oil of Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) leaves
presents synergism only in association with gentamicin antibiotics and imipenem
against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. However, it
presents antagonism in association with amikacin, gentamicin, and imipenem
against the three bacteria studied. Apart from ciprofloxacin, no relevant results were
demonstrated. In relation to the cytotoxic activity, the mean lethal concentration
(lc50) exposed a value of 263.12 lg/ml. The results reveled that H. martiusii
presents synergistic cytotoxic activity against the evaluated bacteria (Figueiredo
et al. 2018).
A study carried out by Ferreira et al. (2019) identified the chemical composition
of the Senna spectabilis species, and they analyzed the antimicrobial potential
in vitro and its modulating effect on antibiotic activity. The antibiotics used in the
experiment were aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin), lincosamides (clindamycin), cephalosporins (cephalexin), and azithromycin. The Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica
strains were used in this approach. The results have shown that the antimicrobial
action of the extract of S. spectabilis is only regular; however, in modulation, the
extract in combination with the tested antibiotics showed a synergistic effect against
most of the tested bacteria, potentiating the effect of the antibiotics used.
Ferreira and Costa evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of
Banisteriopsis anisandra (Malpighiaceae) and drug interactions with drugs
widely used in the field of oral health. They obtained the leaf extract and performed
serial dilutions, which were tested against Candida albicans (ATCC 10,231),
274
L. E. da Silva et al.