infections. Only a few plants have been screened for immunomodulatory activities.
From the above chapter, it is evident that there are several medicinal plants and
marine products which have immunomodulatory activity but insufficient evidence
does not allow their use in clinical practice. Therefore immunomodulatory agents
will gain more importance in the future research of herbal medicine.
References
Ahmed-Belkacem A, Macalou S, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Di
Pietro A (2007) Nonprenylated rotenoids, a new class of potent breast cancer resistance protein
inhibitors. J Med Chem 50:1933–1938
Ahn JY, Song JY, Yun YS, Jeong G, Choi IS (2005) Protection of Staphylococcus aureus-infected
septic mice by suppression of early acute inflammation and enhanced antimicrobial activity by
ginsan. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 46:187–197
Akowuah GA, Zhari I, Mariam A, Yam MF (2009) Absorption of andrographolides from
Andrographis paniculata and its effect on CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem
Toxicol 47:2321–2326
Amirghofran Z, Azadbakht M, Karimi MH (2000) Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of
five herbal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 72:167–172
Ayeka PA, Bian Y, Githaiga PM, Zhao Y (2017) The immunomodulatory activities of licorice
polysaccharides (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) in CT 26 tumor-bearing mice. BMC
Complement Altern Med 15:536
Babisch W (2003) Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise Health
5:1
Baral R, Chattopadhyay U (2004) Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf mediated immune activation
causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine Ehrlich carcinoma and B16 melanoma. Int
Immunopharmacol 4:355–366
Bachiega TF, de Sousa JP, Bastos JK, Sforcin JM (2012) Clove and eugenol in noncytotoxic
concentrations exert immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory action on cytokine production by
murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 64:610–616
Bafna A, Mishra S (2009) Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of the alkaloidal fraction
of Cissampelos pareira Linn. Sci Pharm 78:21–31
Bains JS, Dhuna V, Singh J, Kamboj SS, Nijjar KK, Agrewala JN (2005) Novel lectins from
rhizomes of two Acorus species with mitogenic activity and inhibitory potential towards
murine cancer cell lines. Int Immunopharmacol 5:1470–1478
Ballarin L (2008) Immunobiology of compound ascidians, with particular reference to Botryllus
schlosseri: state of art. Inv Surv J 5:54–74
Baxter D (2007) Active and passive immunity, vaccine types, excipients and licensing. Occup
Med 57:552–556
Belska NV, Guriev AM, Danilets MG, Trophimova ES, Uchasova EG, Ligatcheva AA,
Belousov MV, Agaphonov VI, Golovchenko VG, Yusubov MS, Belsky YP (2010)
Water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from Acoruscalamus L. classically activates macrophages and stimulates Th1 response. Int Immunopharmacol 10:933–942
Benencia F, Courrèges MC, Coulombié FC (2000) In-vivo and in-vitro immunomodulatory
activities of Trichilia glabra aqueous leaf extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 69:199–205
Bessler H, Djaldetti M (2016) Capsaicin modulates the immune cross talk between human
mononuclears and cells from two colon carcinoma lines. Nutr Cancer 69:14–20
Beuth J, Schneider H, Ko HL (2006) Enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract
(Azadirachta indica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in BALB/c-mice. Vivo 20:247–251
248
V. K. Gurjar and D. Pal
From the above chapter, it is evident that there are several medicinal plants and
marine products which have immunomodulatory activity but insufficient evidence
does not allow their use in clinical practice. Therefore immunomodulatory agents
will gain more importance in the future research of herbal medicine.
References
Ahmed-Belkacem A, Macalou S, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Di
Pietro A (2007) Nonprenylated rotenoids, a new class of potent breast cancer resistance protein
inhibitors. J Med Chem 50:1933–1938
Ahn JY, Song JY, Yun YS, Jeong G, Choi IS (2005) Protection of Staphylococcus aureus-infected
septic mice by suppression of early acute inflammation and enhanced antimicrobial activity by
ginsan. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 46:187–197
Akowuah GA, Zhari I, Mariam A, Yam MF (2009) Absorption of andrographolides from
Andrographis paniculata and its effect on CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem
Toxicol 47:2321–2326
Amirghofran Z, Azadbakht M, Karimi MH (2000) Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of
five herbal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 72:167–172
Ayeka PA, Bian Y, Githaiga PM, Zhao Y (2017) The immunomodulatory activities of licorice
polysaccharides (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) in CT 26 tumor-bearing mice. BMC
Complement Altern Med 15:536
Babisch W (2003) Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise Health
5:1
Baral R, Chattopadhyay U (2004) Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf mediated immune activation
causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine Ehrlich carcinoma and B16 melanoma. Int
Immunopharmacol 4:355–366
Bachiega TF, de Sousa JP, Bastos JK, Sforcin JM (2012) Clove and eugenol in noncytotoxic
concentrations exert immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory action on cytokine production by
murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 64:610–616
Bafna A, Mishra S (2009) Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of the alkaloidal fraction
of Cissampelos pareira Linn. Sci Pharm 78:21–31
Bains JS, Dhuna V, Singh J, Kamboj SS, Nijjar KK, Agrewala JN (2005) Novel lectins from
rhizomes of two Acorus species with mitogenic activity and inhibitory potential towards
murine cancer cell lines. Int Immunopharmacol 5:1470–1478
Ballarin L (2008) Immunobiology of compound ascidians, with particular reference to Botryllus
schlosseri: state of art. Inv Surv J 5:54–74
Baxter D (2007) Active and passive immunity, vaccine types, excipients and licensing. Occup
Med 57:552–556
Belska NV, Guriev AM, Danilets MG, Trophimova ES, Uchasova EG, Ligatcheva AA,
Belousov MV, Agaphonov VI, Golovchenko VG, Yusubov MS, Belsky YP (2010)
Water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from Acoruscalamus L. classically activates macrophages and stimulates Th1 response. Int Immunopharmacol 10:933–942
Benencia F, Courrèges MC, Coulombié FC (2000) In-vivo and in-vitro immunomodulatory
activities of Trichilia glabra aqueous leaf extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 69:199–205
Bessler H, Djaldetti M (2016) Capsaicin modulates the immune cross talk between human
mononuclears and cells from two colon carcinoma lines. Nutr Cancer 69:14–20
Beuth J, Schneider H, Ko HL (2006) Enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract
(Azadirachta indica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in BALB/c-mice. Vivo 20:247–251
248
V. K. Gurjar and D. Pal