Table 6.1 (continued)
Chemical category
Plant source
Mode of action
Kaempferol
Found in various
fruits and vegetables.
e.g., tea, tomato
Decrease COX-2 and
iNOS activity through
suppression of the
signaling of AP-1,
NF-kappa B, and STAT-1
Reduce the gene
expression of VCAM-1,
ICAM-1, MCP-1
Rutin
Ruta graveolens
Block leukocyte
relocation. Suppress
release of TNF-a and
IL-6. Reduce the
activation of NF-jB
Flavanols
Epigallocatechin-3gallate
Camellia sinensis L
Block MAPKs
phosphorylation, ROS
production, adhesion
molecules expression
STAT-3 and STAT-2
Isoflavones
Daidzein
Pueraria mirifica,
Pueraria lobata,
Glycine max
Reduce IL-1b, TNF-a,
MCP-1, iNOS and NO
expression at the mRNA
level
Genistein
Glycine max
Block expression of
COX-2 and iNOS
Decrease TNF-a and
IL-1b production via
activation of PPARs
Puerarin
Pueraria lobata
(wild)Ohwi
Reduce cytokines count.
Block NF-jB and
stimulation of STAT3
Phloroglucinols
Myrtucommulone
Myrtus communis L
Block the PGE2 release
by blocking the mPGES-1
action automatically
blocking the COX activity
Arzanol
Helichrysum italicum Decrease eicosanoids
generation by blocking
LOXs and COX action in
arachidonic acid
metabolism pathways
Emodin-8-O-b-D glucoside
Polygonum
amplexicaule D. Don
var. sinense Forb
Activate the production
and separation of
osteoblasts
Block PGE2 release by
enhancing ALP
expression in MC3T3-E1
(continued)
212
V. K. Gurjar and D. Pal