(HR) and immunopathology (IP) or diseases origin from an autoimmune disorder.
Immunoadjuvants, on the other hand, can enhance the efficacy of vaccines, for
example, Freud’s adjuvant. Immunomodulators can modulate various cellular
activities such as protein synthesis, apoptosis, antigen presentation, etc. and target
various transcription factors and immune mediators (Fig. 6.3).
Some chemically synthesized compounds and monoclonal antibodies (mAb or
moAb) are also being used as immunomodulators. Hence, immunomodulators with
further protection and efficacy are still required. Owing to the incidence of chemical
drugs-associated adverse reactions and effects, natural immunomodulators are the
potential regimens to substitute them in therapeutic immunomodulatory agents
(Puri et al. 1994). Presently, the major drug discovery and advancement aiming at
biochemicals, biologics, or individual molecules as lead molecules that focus on
specific targets thought to be linked to specific diseases. It is difficult to get single
lead compounds with strong efficacy, selectivity, low toxicity and favorable
drug-like properties for molecular and cellular targets and diseases. Thus, the design
and development of a druglike molecule from several traditional or integral and
substitute remedies is getting attention. The inhibition and therapy of various diseases by plant-derived drugs reported for most of human history (Puri et al. 1994;
Mir et al. 2019; Pal and saha 2019; Pal et al. 2006, 2019; Pal and Mitra 2010; Pal
and Dutta 2006; Pal 2015).
The present chapter gives an outline of widely studied plant-origin bioactive
compounds, which displayed potent effects on cellular and humoral immune
response in the pre-clinical evaluation and highlight the clinical potential. The
immunomodulatory properties of plant-derived medicines have seen the interest of
investigators. Advanced technologies and the undue study on plant extracts, natural
immunomodulators, and their active constituents with immunomodulatory properties, may give us important constituents to get a novel immunomodulators to boost
the current chemotherapies. This chapter an overview of the plant-derived bioactive
immunomodulators which are under clinical studies. Furthermore, the possible
practice as immunomodulators, mechanism of action and plant-derived compounds
of various noteworthy plant-origin lead molecules has also been broadly studied
(Fig. 6.4). Besides these agents, other phytoconstituents including alkaloids,
essential oils, terpenoids, pigments, phenolics, flavonoids and steroids, etc., have
shown valuable noted immunomodulatory activity. Plant-based bioactive agents
display —Úƒd in Table 6.1.
6 Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants …
203
Immunoadjuvants, on the other hand, can enhance the efficacy of vaccines, for
example, Freud’s adjuvant. Immunomodulators can modulate various cellular
activities such as protein synthesis, apoptosis, antigen presentation, etc. and target
various transcription factors and immune mediators (Fig. 6.3).
Some chemically synthesized compounds and monoclonal antibodies (mAb or
moAb) are also being used as immunomodulators. Hence, immunomodulators with
further protection and efficacy are still required. Owing to the incidence of chemical
drugs-associated adverse reactions and effects, natural immunomodulators are the
potential regimens to substitute them in therapeutic immunomodulatory agents
(Puri et al. 1994). Presently, the major drug discovery and advancement aiming at
biochemicals, biologics, or individual molecules as lead molecules that focus on
specific targets thought to be linked to specific diseases. It is difficult to get single
lead compounds with strong efficacy, selectivity, low toxicity and favorable
drug-like properties for molecular and cellular targets and diseases. Thus, the design
and development of a druglike molecule from several traditional or integral and
substitute remedies is getting attention. The inhibition and therapy of various diseases by plant-derived drugs reported for most of human history (Puri et al. 1994;
Mir et al. 2019; Pal and saha 2019; Pal et al. 2006, 2019; Pal and Mitra 2010; Pal
and Dutta 2006; Pal 2015).
The present chapter gives an outline of widely studied plant-origin bioactive
compounds, which displayed potent effects on cellular and humoral immune
response in the pre-clinical evaluation and highlight the clinical potential. The
immunomodulatory properties of plant-derived medicines have seen the interest of
investigators. Advanced technologies and the undue study on plant extracts, natural
immunomodulators, and their active constituents with immunomodulatory properties, may give us important constituents to get a novel immunomodulators to boost
the current chemotherapies. This chapter an overview of the plant-derived bioactive
immunomodulators which are under clinical studies. Furthermore, the possible
practice as immunomodulators, mechanism of action and plant-derived compounds
of various noteworthy plant-origin lead molecules has also been broadly studied
(Fig. 6.4). Besides these agents, other phytoconstituents including alkaloids,
essential oils, terpenoids, pigments, phenolics, flavonoids and steroids, etc., have
shown valuable noted immunomodulatory activity. Plant-based bioactive agents
display —Úƒd in Table 6.1.
6 Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants …
203