4.8 Conclusions
Phytochemical from plants is an essential source of novel therapeutics and prevention agents against cancer. This chapter discusses the various mechanism of
actions of different types of phytochemicals against the cancer cells for understanding the critical role played by phytochemicals in cancer prevention and
treatment. In conclusion, this chapter discussed in detail the role of phytochemicals
in cancer prevention and cures via antioxidant activity, pro-oxidant activity,
apoptosis induction, necrosis induction, autophagy induction and regulation of
miRNA in cancer cells, as reported by the worldwide researcher.
Acknowledgements This project was funded by the Fundamental Research Grant
Scheme (FRGS; Grant No.: 203/CIPPM/6711723) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia,
Government of Malaysia, Malaysia. Braganza Cilwyn is supported by Fundamental Research
Grant Scheme (FRGS; Grant No.: 203/CIPPM/6711723) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia,
Government of Malaysia, Malaysia.
References
Al Sinani SS, Eltayeb EA, Coomber BL, Adham SA (2016) Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis
selectively in different types of human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal
mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Cell Int 16:11
Albensi BC (2019) What is nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) doing in and to the Mitochondrion?
Front Cell Dev Biol 7:154
Ashraf MA (2020) Phytochemicals as potential anticancer drugs: time to ponder nature’s bounty.
Biomed Res Int 2020:1–7
Bagchi K, Puri S (1998) Free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease: a review. East
Mediterr Health J 4:350–360
Bai T, Dong D-S, Pei L (2014) Synergistic antitumor activity of resveratrol and miR-200c in
human lung cancer. Oncol Rep 31:2293–2297
Beckman K, Ames B (1997) Oxidative DNA decay. J Biol Chem. 272:19633–19636
Beier RC (1990) Natural pesticides and bioactive components in foods. Springer Reviews of
environmental contamination and toxicology, 47–137
Chinni SR, Sarkar FH (2002) Akt inactivation is a key event in indole-3-carbinol-induced
apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Clin Cancer Res 8:1228–1236
Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T (2018) Targeting cancer with
phytochemicals via their fine tuning of the cell survival signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci
19:3568
Cho YS, Park SY (2014) Harnessing of programmed necrosis for fighting against cancers. Biomol
Ther 22:167
Clark R, Lee S-H (2016) Anticancer properties of capsaicin against human cancer. Anticancer Res
36:837–843
Coker-Gurkan A, Bulut D, Genc R, Arisan E-D, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Palavan-Unsal N (2019)
Curcumin prevented human autocrine growth hormone (GH) signaling mediated NF-kB
activation and miR-183-96-182 cluster stimulated epithelial mesenchymal transition in T47D
breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 46:355–369
144
B. Cilwyn et al.
Phytochemical from plants is an essential source of novel therapeutics and prevention agents against cancer. This chapter discusses the various mechanism of
actions of different types of phytochemicals against the cancer cells for understanding the critical role played by phytochemicals in cancer prevention and
treatment. In conclusion, this chapter discussed in detail the role of phytochemicals
in cancer prevention and cures via antioxidant activity, pro-oxidant activity,
apoptosis induction, necrosis induction, autophagy induction and regulation of
miRNA in cancer cells, as reported by the worldwide researcher.
Acknowledgements This project was funded by the Fundamental Research Grant
Scheme (FRGS; Grant No.: 203/CIPPM/6711723) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia,
Government of Malaysia, Malaysia. Braganza Cilwyn is supported by Fundamental Research
Grant Scheme (FRGS; Grant No.: 203/CIPPM/6711723) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia,
Government of Malaysia, Malaysia.
References
Al Sinani SS, Eltayeb EA, Coomber BL, Adham SA (2016) Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis
selectively in different types of human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal
mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Cell Int 16:11
Albensi BC (2019) What is nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) doing in and to the Mitochondrion?
Front Cell Dev Biol 7:154
Ashraf MA (2020) Phytochemicals as potential anticancer drugs: time to ponder nature’s bounty.
Biomed Res Int 2020:1–7
Bagchi K, Puri S (1998) Free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease: a review. East
Mediterr Health J 4:350–360
Bai T, Dong D-S, Pei L (2014) Synergistic antitumor activity of resveratrol and miR-200c in
human lung cancer. Oncol Rep 31:2293–2297
Beckman K, Ames B (1997) Oxidative DNA decay. J Biol Chem. 272:19633–19636
Beier RC (1990) Natural pesticides and bioactive components in foods. Springer Reviews of
environmental contamination and toxicology, 47–137
Chinni SR, Sarkar FH (2002) Akt inactivation is a key event in indole-3-carbinol-induced
apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Clin Cancer Res 8:1228–1236
Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T (2018) Targeting cancer with
phytochemicals via their fine tuning of the cell survival signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci
19:3568
Cho YS, Park SY (2014) Harnessing of programmed necrosis for fighting against cancers. Biomol
Ther 22:167
Clark R, Lee S-H (2016) Anticancer properties of capsaicin against human cancer. Anticancer Res
36:837–843
Coker-Gurkan A, Bulut D, Genc R, Arisan E-D, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Palavan-Unsal N (2019)
Curcumin prevented human autocrine growth hormone (GH) signaling mediated NF-kB
activation and miR-183-96-182 cluster stimulated epithelial mesenchymal transition in T47D
breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 46:355–369
144
B. Cilwyn et al.