miR-17, miR-21, miR-25, miR-92a-2, miR-103–1 and miR-103–2, where these
miRNAs were deliberately known to behave as oncomiRs (Tili E, J-J Michaille
2011). The biological effect of resveratrol was studied in prostate cancer (Kumar
et al. 2017) where it was found to down-regulate the expression of miR-221 while
in lung cancer, a high surge was reported in the expression of miR-200c (Bai et al.
2014). Notably, in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells, resveratrol was reported
to dysregulated two miRNAs mainly miR-542-3p which observes a reduction while
miR-122-5p that records an increment all in together to promote apoptosis cell
death. Comparatively, the triple-negative breast cancer cells with the treatment of
resveratrol manage to only display an increase in miR-122-5p (Venkatadri et al.
2016). Osteosarcoma (OS) is considered as an aggressive cancer and when the cells
U20S and MG63 were introduced to resveratrol, impressive effects in response to
apoptosis were perceived. Expression of miR-139-5p was reduced where antecedently it has the aptitude in binding to 3′UTR region of NOTCH1 and mediate the
progression of osteosarcoma (Xiao et al. 2020).
Curcumin is an all-natural occurring phytochemical dominating the root and
rhizome of Curcuma longa which has extensive established records on antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties (Gupta et al. 2013; Park et al. 2013).
Coker-Gurkan et al. demonstrated the anti-proliferation activities of curcumin in
T47D cells through the downregulation of miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 along
with NF-jB signalling inhibition (Coker-Gurkan et al. 2019). Competently, treatment with curcumin has demonstrated suppressed proliferation and increased
apoptosis of NSCLS cells by mediating the downregulating of miR-21 via PTEN
axis (Bai et al. 2014; Zhang and Bai 2014). PTEN gene implicated as the target of
miR-21 is a tumour suppressor and the suppression of the oncomiR has resulted in
upregulation of PTEN, hence resuming back to mediating the anticancer properties
as exerted by curcumin (Liu et al. 2013). In another case, an expression of elevated
miR-130a directed to target Wnt/b-catenin pathway was halted by curcumin which
may lead to an inhibition of cell proliferation in colon cancer SW480 cells (Dou
et al. 2017). Curcumin also attested to induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines
(T24 and SV-HUC-1) via upregulation of miR-7641 levels, which attenuated cell
proliferation and invasion and, thereafter, inducing apoptosis by repressing p16
(Wang et al. 2018). The activity of curcumin was further investigated utilizing
SCID mice xenograft tumour model of glioblastoma multiforme. Intriguing results
exhibited a surge in the level of miR-378 through target mediator p38. This,
however, resulted in the inhibition of cellular growth thus substantiating potential
effects of curcumin (Li et al. 2017).
Similar to other polyphenols, quercetin can be detected present in apples, onions
and broccoli (Nam et al. 2016) where it is prominently studied for its anticancer
mechanism. Notably, when quercetin is applied to pancreatic cancer cells, it disclosed a regulated plethora of 105 miRNAs at which 25 miRNAs were
down-regulated (chiefly; miR-103a-3p, miR-125b, and miR-1202) whereas 80
miRNAs were up-regulated (namely; let-7c, miR-200a-3p, and miR-200b-3p).
Additional studies were performed on one of the most expressed let-7c with connection to pancreatic cancer anti-proliferation mechanism (Nwaeburu et al. 2016).
140
B. Cilwyn et al.
miRNAs were deliberately known to behave as oncomiRs (Tili E, J-J Michaille
2011). The biological effect of resveratrol was studied in prostate cancer (Kumar
et al. 2017) where it was found to down-regulate the expression of miR-221 while
in lung cancer, a high surge was reported in the expression of miR-200c (Bai et al.
2014). Notably, in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells, resveratrol was reported
to dysregulated two miRNAs mainly miR-542-3p which observes a reduction while
miR-122-5p that records an increment all in together to promote apoptosis cell
death. Comparatively, the triple-negative breast cancer cells with the treatment of
resveratrol manage to only display an increase in miR-122-5p (Venkatadri et al.
2016). Osteosarcoma (OS) is considered as an aggressive cancer and when the cells
U20S and MG63 were introduced to resveratrol, impressive effects in response to
apoptosis were perceived. Expression of miR-139-5p was reduced where antecedently it has the aptitude in binding to 3′UTR region of NOTCH1 and mediate the
progression of osteosarcoma (Xiao et al. 2020).
Curcumin is an all-natural occurring phytochemical dominating the root and
rhizome of Curcuma longa which has extensive established records on antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties (Gupta et al. 2013; Park et al. 2013).
Coker-Gurkan et al. demonstrated the anti-proliferation activities of curcumin in
T47D cells through the downregulation of miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 along
with NF-jB signalling inhibition (Coker-Gurkan et al. 2019). Competently, treatment with curcumin has demonstrated suppressed proliferation and increased
apoptosis of NSCLS cells by mediating the downregulating of miR-21 via PTEN
axis (Bai et al. 2014; Zhang and Bai 2014). PTEN gene implicated as the target of
miR-21 is a tumour suppressor and the suppression of the oncomiR has resulted in
upregulation of PTEN, hence resuming back to mediating the anticancer properties
as exerted by curcumin (Liu et al. 2013). In another case, an expression of elevated
miR-130a directed to target Wnt/b-catenin pathway was halted by curcumin which
may lead to an inhibition of cell proliferation in colon cancer SW480 cells (Dou
et al. 2017). Curcumin also attested to induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cell lines
(T24 and SV-HUC-1) via upregulation of miR-7641 levels, which attenuated cell
proliferation and invasion and, thereafter, inducing apoptosis by repressing p16
(Wang et al. 2018). The activity of curcumin was further investigated utilizing
SCID mice xenograft tumour model of glioblastoma multiforme. Intriguing results
exhibited a surge in the level of miR-378 through target mediator p38. This,
however, resulted in the inhibition of cellular growth thus substantiating potential
effects of curcumin (Li et al. 2017).
Similar to other polyphenols, quercetin can be detected present in apples, onions
and broccoli (Nam et al. 2016) where it is prominently studied for its anticancer
mechanism. Notably, when quercetin is applied to pancreatic cancer cells, it disclosed a regulated plethora of 105 miRNAs at which 25 miRNAs were
down-regulated (chiefly; miR-103a-3p, miR-125b, and miR-1202) whereas 80
miRNAs were up-regulated (namely; let-7c, miR-200a-3p, and miR-200b-3p).
Additional studies were performed on one of the most expressed let-7c with connection to pancreatic cancer anti-proliferation mechanism (Nwaeburu et al. 2016).
140
B. Cilwyn et al.